MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped. Classification Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition. Most.

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Liz LaRosa 5th grade science 2010

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Presentation transcript:

MINERAL CLASSIFICATION How minerals are grouped

Classification Minerals are generally grouped or classified based on their chemical composition. Most common system is the Dana system. Developed by Professor James Dana of Yale University in 1848.

Mineral Composition Minerals are usually compounds made of the most common elements in the crust

Silicates The largest group of minerals Composed of: Metal + SiO 2 Example: topaz Al 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 3

Carbonates The second largest group of minerals Composed of: Metal + CO 3 Example: calcite CaCO 3

Oxides Composed of: Metal + O Example: magnetite Fe 3 O 4

Sulfates Composed of: Metal + SO 4 Example: barite BaSO 4

Halides Composed of: Metal + halogen Halogens include: Chlorine Fluorine Bromine Iodine Example: fluorite CaF 2

Sulfides Composed of: Metal + S Example: chalcocite Cu 2 S

Phosphates Composed of: Metal + PO 4 Example: Apatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,F,Cl)

Nitrates Composed of: Metal + NO 3 Example: Niter KNO 3

Native Elements Composed of: A single element Example: Gold Au

Instructions: Place the names of the mineral groups across the top of your desk. Place the minerals in the correct column based on the chemistry.

Here are the correct results

Native ElementsSilicatesOxidesHalides SulfatesNitrates Phosphates CarbonatesSulfides Beryl: Be 3 Al 2 (Si 6 O 18 )Chromite: FeCr 2 O 4 Cryolite: Na 3 AlF 6 Gold: Au Talc: Mg 3 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 2 Apatite: Ca 5 (F,Cl,OH)(PO 4 ) 3 Orthoclase: KAlSi 3 O 8 Silver: Ag Copper: Cu Muscovite: KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(OH) 2 Corundum: Al 2 O 3 Hematite: Fe 2 O 3 Magnetite: Fe 3 O 4 Halite: NaCl Fluorite: CaF 2 Sylvite: KCl Turquoise: CuAl 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8. 2H 2 O Lazulite: MgAl 2 (OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 Sulfur: S Quartz: SiO 2 Kaolinite: Al 4 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 8 Ilmenite: FeTiO 3 Rutile: TiO 2 Calcite: CaCO 3 Galena: PbSGypsum: CaSO 4. 2H 2 O Dolomite: CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Barite: BaSO 4 Anhydrite: CaSO 4 Sphalerite: ZnS Pyrite: FeS 2 Niter: KNO 3 Epsomite: MgSO 4. 7H 2 OBornite: Cu 5 FeS 4 Siderite: FeCO 3 Malachite: Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2

Directions on how to print the next slide for classroom use: 1.Follow these steps to print a copy of the mineral labels used by students in this activity. 2.Duplicate the sheet and cut along the lines. 3.Select “Print Preview” option on print menu. 4.Select “slides” on Print What menu. 5.Select “Print” on print menu. 6.Choose page 17 to print and on the Options menu choose “black and white”.

Native Elements Gold: AuSilver: AgCopper: Cu Silicates Beryl: Be 3 Al 2 (Si 6 O 18 )Muscovite: KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(OH) 2 Talc: Mg 3 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 2 Oxides Corundum: Al 2 O 3 Hematite: Fe 2 O 3 Magnetite: Fe 3 O 4 Carbonates Calcite: CaCO 3 Dolomite: CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Halides Halite: NaClFluorite: CaF 2 Sylvite: KCl Sulfates Barite: BaSO 4 Gypsum: CaSO 4.2H 2 OAnhydrite: CaSO 4 Sulfides Galena: PbSSphalerite: ZnSPyrite: FeS 2 Nitrates Niter: KNO 3 Phosphates Apatite: Ca 5 (F,Cl,OH)(PO 4 ) 3 Turquoise: CuAl 6 (PO 4 ) 4 (OH) 8.2H 2 OLazulite: MgAl 2 (OH) 2 (PO 4 ) 2 Sulfur: S Quartz: SiO 2 Orthoclase: KAlSi 3 O 8 Kaolinite: Al 4 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 8 Ilmenite: FeTiO 3 Rutile: TiO 2 Chromite: FeCr 2 O 4 Cryolite: Na 3 AlF 6 Epsomite: MgSO 4.7H 2 O Bornite: Cu 5 FeS 4 Siderite: FeCO 3 Malachite: Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2