GOES-R Aviation Weather Applications Frederick R. Mosher NWS/NCEP Aviation Weather Center.

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Presentation transcript:

GOES-R Aviation Weather Applications Frederick R. Mosher NWS/NCEP Aviation Weather Center

Aviation is Weather Sensitive Thunderstorms Turbulence Aircraft Icing Volcanic Ash Head/Tail Winds Clouds/Restricted Visibility

New Technologies for Aviation Weather Weather in the cockpit displays. New remote sensing tools. Improved weather forecast models and aviation forecast algorithms.

Weather in the Cockpit 240x320 resolution video monitor in instrument panel of aircraft. 30Kbs communications link to aircraft. Commercial services for displays of aviation specific data. Available for commercial and general aviation aircraft both within US and globally.

Honeywell Weather Information System -- WINN

Cockpit Displays Echo Flight Cheetah FL270 Garmin GNS 530 Avidyne Flightmax 850 Control Vision Corp.

New Thunderstorm Detection Tools Multi-channel algorithms such as the Global Convective Diagnostic( GDC) (infrared and water vapor). Higher resolution GOES IR channels. Lightning Mapper

Global Convective Diagnostic (GCD)

Simulated ABI (from MODIS) Actual GOES Enhanced “V”: IR windows May 25, 2000 Enhanced “V” concentric anvil- layer waves Higher Resolution Goes Channels

Current Land Based Lightning Detection

Continuous total lightning from GEO will identify intensifying storms and severe storm potential Process physics understood Vortex Spins-up Updraft Intensifies Ice flux drives lightning Lightning jump precedes severe weather Lightning improves storm predictability Demonstrated in LEO with OTD & LIS Storm-scale model for decision support system Physical basis for improved forecasts

New Turbulence Tools Aircraft turbulence is caused by up and down eddies. Higher resolution Water Vapor channels will be able to see these eddies. New high resolution sounders (GIFTS) will be able to resolve some of these eddies in the vertical.

Simulated ABI Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 um) 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC Actual GOES-8 Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region. UW/CIMSS Both images are shown in GOES projection.

Arctic (March 20-21, 2001) NAST-I Temperature Cross Section (K) NAST-I Relative Humidity Cross Section (%) Greenwich Mean Time Sfc Temperature

Clear Turbulence? Strong Turbulence Signatures at 300 mb Weak Turbulence Signatures at 150 mb No Turbulence Signatures at 500 mb Downdrafts:Warm & Dry Updrafts:Cold & Moist Temp Moisture NAST Near Fairbanks AK (3/21/01; 1-2 GMT) Moisture 200 km

Aircraft Icing Aircraft flying through super cooled liquid water droplets which stick to wings causing loss of lift and increased drag. Satellites will be able to detect super cooled liquid water at cloud tops.

ABI Simulations: Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice 3-color compositesFebruary 12, :27 UTC Vis/4um/11um Vis/1.6um/11um Vis/4um/8.5-11um Vis/1.6um/8.5-11um UW/CIMSS Water cloud Ice cloud Lake Ice Snow Lake Ice Ice cloud Super-Cooled cloud

ABI Simulations (from MODIS data) Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice 3-color composite (Visible/1.6 μm/ μm) February 12, :27 UTC UW/CIMSS Vis/1.6um/8.5-11um Water cloud Ice Cloud Lake Ice Snow Super-Cooled cloud UW/CIMSS

Volcanic Ash Multi Channel differences can differentiate between volcanic ash and weather clouds. 12 micron channel detects silicates 3.7 micron channel detects large particle size 8.6 micron channel detects the SO2.

Multi-channel Volcanic Ash Detection

Winds Head/tail winds have a major impact on aircraft fuel consumption. Cloud winds measured where there are clouds. Water vapor winds fill in around clouds. Multiple water vapor channels will allow for different heights of wind measurements.

Water Vapor Winds

Restricted Visibility Two classes of pilot’s license – Visible Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR). Most general aviation pilots are VFR pilots. They must be able to see the ground to fly. Fog detection with 3.7 micron channel at night. Haze detection with blue and red channels.

GOES-10 Fog Detection at Night

GOES-R Fog Detection at Night

Haze Detection

Cloud Heights ASOS cloud heights above 12,000 feet are currently determined from GOES data. New GOES-R will significantly improve cloud height determination.

Future GOES -- simulating the Advanced Baseline Sounder (ABS) performance. Better cloud-top pressure retrievals. (UW/CIMSS) ABS/HES Cloud Top Pressure Retrieval Performance

Numerical Models Higher resolution. Better physics. Big advances in data assimilation. Models are starting to effectively use satellite information. Assimilation techniques can utilize radiances (temperature and moisture), cloud tops, initial convection, winds, fog, etc.

GFS Precipitation Potential overlaid on Observed GCD Convection

Summary Satellite information is becoming more important for safe, efficient aviation operations. Weather forecasts are improving. Technologies for delivery of weather information directly to the pilots are becoming available.