Behavior and Personality

Overview Explaining and predicting behavior Personality theories Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Quick Write How well are you able to “read” the behavior of people close to you? Can you give an instance when you knew in advance how someone would act? Explain how you knew. Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

Explaining and Predicting Behavior Hidden Aspects Attitudes Perceptions Group norms Informal interactions Interpersonal and Intergroup conflicts Visible Aspects Strategies Objectives Policies and procedures Structure Technology Formal authority Chains of command Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 262 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005 Courtesy of Clipart.com

Introduction Personality is a potent force in shaping behavior The better you learn to “read” different personality types, the better you will be able to work with others Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the actions of people at work Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Goals of Organizational Behavior Explain and help predict behavior Allow managers to understand why employees do some things and not others Allow managers to be able to predict how employees may respond to different actions they might take Chapter 7 Lesson 1

OB Focuses on Four Kinds of Employee Behavior Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Organizational Citizenship Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Photos.com

Three Elements of Attitude Cognitive (thinking) Affective (feeling) Behavioral (action) Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

Employee Attitudes that Concern Managers Job Satisfaction an employee’s general attitude toward his or her job Job Involvement degree to which the employee sees success on the job as important to success as a whole Organizational Commitment an employee’s loyalty to an organization and whether he or she identifies with the organization Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Optional Exercise “Job” Attitudes in School (1) attending school (classes) (2) studying and preparing for class (3) taking tests, writing papers, reports (4) engaging in extracurricular activities Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

“Job” Satisfaction Survey 5 = totally satisfied 4 = somewhat satisfied 3 = barely satisfied 2 = dissatisfied 1 = totally dissatisfied Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

“Job” Involvement Survey 5 = very important 4 = somewhat important 3 = barely important 2 = unimportant 1 = completely unimportant Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Organizational Commitment Survey 5 = strongly committed 4 = somewhat committed 3 = barely committed 2 = not committed 1 = against the organization Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

Cognitive Dissonance Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Goodshoot Images

Dissonance Challenge If you were a manager who opposes laying off workers and your company announced a layoff of 1,000 people in your division, would you go along with it (actions do not match attitude), object to it, but keep your job (actions do not match attitude), change your opinion by justifying the layoff in this situation (attitude changes to maintain congruence) or resign your position in protest (actions match attitude)? Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Personality Theories Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) The Big Five Model Emotional Intelligence Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Myers Briggs Type Indicator What energizes you? The extraversion and introversion scale (EI) How do you gather information? The sensing and intuition scale (SN) How do you prefer to make decisions? The thinking and feeling scale (TF) What is your life style preference? The judging and perceiving scale (JP) Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Definition Parameters The Big Five Model Dimension Definition Parameters Characteristics Extroversion Sociability Introversion Assertiveness, energy Agreeableness Compliance Suspicion Trust, modesty Conscientiousness Discipline Impulsivity Order, efficiency Emotional Stability Volatility Steadiness Anxiety, hostility… Openness to experience Curiosity Conservation Ideas, Ambiguities Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 268 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

Emotional Intelligence Five Dimensions Self awareness: being aware of your own feelings Self-management: being able to manage your emotions and impulses Self-motivation: being able to persist in the face of setbacks and discouragement Empathy: being able to “read” others and sense how they’re feeling Social skills: being able to handle other people’s feelings Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Five Personality Traits that Explain Behavior Locus of control Machiavellianism Self-Esteem Self-Monitoring Risk Propensity Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com

Holland’s Six Personality Types CHARACTERISTICS PERSONALITY SAMPLE OCCUPATIONS Realistic Prefers physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination Shy, genuine, persistent, stable, conforming practical Mechanic, drill-press operator, assembly-line worker, farmer Investigative Prefers activities involving thinking organizing, and understanding Analytical, original, curious independent Biologist, economist, mathematician, reporter Social Prefers activities that involve helping and developing others Sociable, friendly, cooperative, understanding Social worker, teacher, counselor, clinical psychologist Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 271 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

Holland’s Six Personality Types CHARACTERISTICS PERSONALITY SAMPLE OCCUPATIONS Conventional Prefers rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities Conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative, inflexible Accountant, corporate manager, bank teller, file clerk Enterprising Prefers verbal activities where there are opportunities to influence others and attain power Self-confident, ambitious, energetic, domineering Lawyer, real estate agent, public relations specialist, small business manager Artistic Prefers ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative expression Imaginative, disorderly, idealistic, emotional, impractical Painter, musician, writer, interior decorator Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 271 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

Relationship Among Holland’s Six Personality Types Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Adapted from Fundamentals of Management, 5th Ed. By Robbins/DeCenzo, p. 272 Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005

Optional Exercise Personality and Jobs Based on your understanding of Holland’s six basic employee personality types, rate your personal preferences from 1 (most preferred) to 6 (least preferred). After completing your personal preference rating, see how well you can do predicting the preferences of those in your group. Rate each group member as you see them. Discuss your answers together and be sure to include an explanation of why you responded as you did. Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Entrepreneurs and Personality If you look at Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey as two entrepreneurs, it is clear that their personality types are very different One thing the experts are sure of is that entrepreneurs are proactive Researchers use the term proactive personality to describe those individuals who are more prone to take actions to influence their environment Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Review Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of the actions of people at work The study of OB focuses on four kinds of employee behavior – productivity, absenteeism, turnover, and organizational citizenship The three elements of attitude are the cognitive component (thinking), the affective component (feeling), and the behavioral component (action) Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Review Three specific concerns about employee job attitudes are job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a method of identifying personality types, assesses people according to four dimensions of personality and leads to 16 different personality types Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Review The four dimensions the Myers-Briggs classification measures are extraversion and introversion (EI), sensing and intuitive (SN), thinking and feeling (TF), and judging and perceiving (JP) The five elements in the Five-Factor model are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Review Emotional intelligence is an assortment of noncognitive skills, capabilities, and competencies that influences a person’s ability to cope with environmental demands and pressures The five aspects of emotional intelligence are self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Review The five elements that are most important in explaining personal behavior in an organization are locus of control, Machiavellianism, self-esteem, self-monitoring, and risk propensity John Holland’s six job-fit “types” are realistic, investigative, social, conventional, enterprising, and artistic Researchers use the term proactive personality to describe those individuals who are more prone to take actions to influence their environment Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Summary Explaining and predicting behavior Personality theories Chapter 7 Lesson 1

What’s Next… Group Behavior Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Courtesy of Clipart.com