The four basic types of structures are : As an engineer, you must be able to classify structures according to their FORM and FUNCTIONS. Composed of structural members, joined together by structural connections is called STRUCTURAL SYSTEM. The four basic types of structures are : Trusses Cables & Arches Frames Surface structures All structural systems are composed of a number of basic structural elements (i.e. Beams, columns, etc.) CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by: Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu

Analyzing structural members Planning – How will the building be supported? Establishing the loads Designing preliminary structural configuration and layout Analyzing structural members Selecting preliminary structural members Evaluating the preliminary design Redesigning (if needed) – Repeat the above steps as necessary to achieve a safe and efficient design Designing and detailing the structural components

STRUCTURAL FORM IDEALIZED MODEL LOAD TYPES MATERIAL SELECTION PRELIMINARY DESIGN FINAL DESIGN CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Examples of structural elements include: Within the structural systems, individual structural elements must work together to carry and transfer the applied loads to the ground. Examples of structural elements include: Roof Beams Elevated Slabs Girders Load Bearing Walls Columns Connections Footing

The buildings should be designed to meet the requirements of the design standards. (with a clearly defined load path, to transfer the forces to the supporting ground). Cruise of forces can cause damages in LOAD BEARING SYSTEMS.

Footing Column Girder Beam

Tributary area is the area of the slab which goes to particular beams. What is tributary area??? Tributary area is the area of the slab which goes to particular beams. Slab Joist Girder Column Footing

Tributary Area - Beams Beams Model Girders Model

Tributary Area – Beam/Column Connection Beams Girders Columns Footings Talk about how everything is connected – edge beams connected to column, not girder. Load paths! CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu

Load Paths Load

Problem : The floor system of a building consists of a 15 cm thick reinforced concrete slab resting on four steel floor beams, which in turn are supported by two steel girders. The cross-sectional areas of the floor beams and the girders are 94.8 cm2 and 337.4 cm2, respectively. Determine the dead loads acting on the beams CG and DH and the girder AD. (Unit weight for concrete is 23.6 kN/m3, and for steel 77 kN/m3)

Problem : A B The floor system of building consists of a 110 mm thick reinforced concrete slab resting on three steel floor beams, which in turn supported by two steel girders. Determine the dead load acting on the beam CD and the girder AE ? Steel Girder (AE & BF) ------- A=20000 mm2 Steel floor beam (AB, CD, EF)----- A=11000mm2 (Unit weight for concrete is 24 kN/m3, and for steel 77 kN/m3) 7 m 5 m D E F C 110 mm concrete slab CE381 Structural Analysis I (Supplementary lecture notes) Prepared by : Asst.Prof.Dr.Rifat Reşatoğlu