Wireless ISP Infrastructure MikroTik Director - John Tully CTO – Arnis Riekstins 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

AP Platform multiple radios per AP Increase aggregate bandwidth using non-overlapping frequencies Re-use of network configurations such as firewalls and users Network services closest to the user (PPPoE, DHCP, and PPTP) 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From AP directly to client (no router on client site) AP MAC registration table Assign IP to MAC with ARP disabled Restricted MAC level forwarding on wireless network 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client PPPoE access concentrator Overview AC configuration demonstration Window XP client configuration demonstration Encryption – MPPE protocol, advantages in wireless Radius authentication no engineer needed for account changes automatic billing with legacy systems 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client Bandwidth setting Tx and rx settings allow you to simulate DSL offers Address assignment 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

(cont) AP direct to client PPTP DHCP assigns private IP address PPTP on Windows PPTP clients available back to Windows 3.11 Radius authentication Scripting to set bandwidth (in v2.6) Demonstration of setup, server and client 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN General description of client site router Protects wireless network from hacking by customers Offer services to customers Masqueraded address Static NAT for servers 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont) Multiple client connected to same router Per interface firewall Multiple ethernet interfaces in client site router Using a smart switch with router and VLAN tags on a port basis (v2.6) Using an ethernet bridge and PPPoE or PPTP 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont) MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol (M3P) Wireless has high per packet overhead Negotiating access to wireless medium Acknowledgment and error correction M3P packs small packets into a large wireless MAC packet and increase throughput up to four times (with 100 byte packets) Automatically discovers other MikroTik routers with this feature enabled 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont) Services to customers beyond an IP gateway DHCP Special firewall configurations Per IP address accounting (even on masqueraded addresses) Dedicated VPN tunnel between other offices LAN bridge between other offices 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From AP to the backbone Backup Links / Failover Increasing throughput OSPF Tunnels over non-OSPF networks to OSPF backbone networks Increasing throughput Aggregation of Interfaces multi-path routing PPTP tunnel compression 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

From AP to the backbone (cont) Types of backbone connections additional point to point wireless 2.4GHz interfaces using non-overlapping frequency or 5.8GHz licensed frequency microwave systems DSL connection from Telco Lease line from Telco using v.35 HDLC or E1/T1 interface in AP Use of HomePNA 14Mb/s interface up to 1.3km with one twisted pair Use of SDSL up to 2.3Mb/s and 5km (speed decreases with distance) 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Bandwith shaping problems when there is no shaping users get high speed local services on a "luck" basis high paying users may get low quality service when bandwidth is not managed backbones to wireless may get overloaded basic description of queues and function where to put queues 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont) simple queue and complex queue configuration boss at client site wants better quality for himself webserver and mail server may be specifically shaped based on usage varied IP subnets may be put into one group with a certain allocation 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont) scripting may be used to change the bandwidth speed settings for a day speed and night speed tunnels linking enterprise networks may be shaped and charged according to speed for example, a VPN tunnel with ethernet bridging between a company warehouse LAN and main office LAN 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Bandwith shaping (cont) DEMO CONFIGURATION AREA ON ROUTER FOR SHAPING 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Interference and antenna co-location 2.4GHz frequencies (three non-overlapping) omni versus sectoral building top antenna co-location plan with barriers between antenna that have an overlapping frequency example, concrete structure such as elevator gear box houses mount on sides of building one floor or more below roof top so that there is concrete separating the antennas 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Interference and antenna co-location (cont) 2.4GHz frequencies (three non-overlapping) omni versus sectoral Reflections (plus and minus) Signal may be reflected off another object to make a connection when there is no line of sight Reflections may cause a direct signal to be cancelled 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Interference and antenna co-location (cont) Interference may be mistaken for cabling problems Cable is too long (10m or less is suggested for client site – though locations close (less than 2km) to the AP may have very long cable Water may have gotten into the strands of the cable (cable must be replaced) 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Interference and antenna co-location (cont) Grounding may be incorrect (if you see small sparks when connecting cables) Radio cable may be located to some high voltage lines that can cause interference 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Interference and antenna co-location (cont) change polarity of overlapping frequency antennas for a 20dB drop bandwidth test when installing antennas small movements of the mount location may make giant differences using antenna diversity radio power and amplifiers 11 May, 2002 MikroTik

Sample system design Situation proposed by audience 11 May, 2002 MikroTik