The Cold War Part Three: Kennedy & Johnson and the 1960s

Learning Targets I can evaluate the presidencies of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. I can trace Cold War developments in US foreign policy in the 1960s. I can evaluate the domestic agendas Kennedy and Johnson. I can trace the development of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s.

Kennedy’s “New Frontier” “Camelot” Public perception Reality

Kennedy’s “New Frontier” “Ask not what your country can do for you…” “the best and the brightest” – Robert McNamara – Robert Kennedy

Kennedy’s “New Frontier” Unsuccessful: – Education – Medical care to elderly Successes: – Peace Corps – Raise in min. wage – Area redevelopment Act – Housing Act of 1961 – “Space Race”

JFK and Civil Rights The Democrat’s Dilemma Freedom Riders (CORE)(61) James Meredith (62) Birmingham March (63)

JFK and Civil Rights University of Alabama & George Wallace (63) Medgar Evers March on Washington – MLK “I have a dream” speech

Kennedy and The Cold War Peace Corps Alliance for Progress

Kennedy and The Cold War “Flexible Response” – Green Berets – Nuclear buildup

Kennedy and The Cold War The Bay of Pigs – Planned CIA trained invasion of Cuba – Humiliation Kennedy blames CIA Pushed Cuba closer to USSR

Kennedy and The Cold War The Berlin Wall (61) “Ich bin eine Berliner”

Kennedy and The Cold War The Cuban Missile Crisis Nukes discovered (62) Naval quarantine v. surgical strike or invasion Nuclear chicken Khrushchev blinks Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (63)

The Kennedy Assassination November 22, 1963 Lee Harvey Oswald Warren Commission The biggest result

Lyndon B. Johnson Civil Rights Act of 1964 Tax Cut Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Election of 1964 Johnson – No intention of expanding the war in Vietnam – “Great Society” and “War on Poverty” Barry Goldwater – “Father of Modern Conservativism”

LBJ: “The Great Society” War on Poverty – Equal Opportunity Act – Appalachian Regional Development Act – Elementary and Secondary Education Act – Head Start Medicare Medicaid Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

LBJ: “The Great Society” Immigration Act of 1965 National Endowment for the Arts PBS Water Quality Act

LBJ and Civil Rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 – Equal Employment Opportunity Commission – Title VII Voting Rights Act of 1965 Affirmative Action Bakke Case (78) Thurgood Marshall

Civil Rights: The Movement Divides De jure and de facto segregation Black Separatism – Nation of Islam and Malcom X – CORE and SNCC change policies in 1966 – Stokely Carmichael and Black Power – Black Panthers

Civil Rights: The Movement Divides “Long Hot Summers” (65-67) – Watts Riots (L.A., 65) – Detroit (67) Kerner Commission

Civil Rights for Other Groups Chicanos (Mexican- Americans) – Ceasar Chavez (United Farm Workers Organizing Committee American Indian Movement (AIM) – Seized Indian Bureau – AIM & Oglala Sioux occupy Wounded Knee, SD Gay Rights Movement

The New Left and Counterculture Baby boom teens and tweens Students for a Democratic Society Counterculture – “sex, drugs, and rock and roll” – Hippies – Woodstock (69)

The Warren Court Stressed personal liberty and privacy Brown v. Board Reapportionment decisions Rights of the Accused – Gideon v. Wainwright – Escobedo v. Illinois – Miranda v. Arizona Engle v. Vitale

Feminism Betty Friedan – The Feminine Mystique (63) National Organization for Women (NOW)(66) Equal Rights Amendment (67)(doesn’t pass) Roe v. Wade (73) Title IX

1968: The World Explodes MLK Assassinated Robby Kennedy Assassinated Tet Offensive Johnson’s announcement