WORLD WAR TWO 1939-1945

The Allies Versus The Axis

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Major Allied Leaders Winston Churchill Democratic Great Britain Franklin Delano Roosevelt Democratic USA Harry Truman Democratic USA 1945 Joseph Stalin Communist Dictator USSR

Fascist (Nazi) Dictator Major Axis Leaders Hideki Tojo Military Dictator Empire of Japan Benito Mussolini Fascist Dictator Italy Adolf Hitler Fascist (Nazi) Dictator Germany

CAUSES Significant causes: The terms of the Treaty of Versailles. Worldwide Depression. Rise of Nazism. Appeasement

The Treaty of Versailles The 1919 Treaty of Versailles, which ended WWI, imposed harsh conditions on a defeated Germany and sowed the seeds of discontent.

Worldwide Depression In 1929 the economy collapsed around the world, WWI left every major European country nearly bankrupt. Germany’s debt made things worse for the country. There was high inflation and rising unemployment. German government did not have enough money to cope, so it began to print money that it didn’t actually have! It was cheaper to burn German money than buy coal! .

“I went into a café for a coffee “I went into a café for a coffee. I noticed that the price was 5000 marks, which was roughly what I had in my pocket. I drank my coffee and read the paper. When I asked the bill, it was 8000 marks. The value of the mark had fallen in the space of one hour!”

Rise of Nazism Hitler used the discontent and anger of the German people to gain power. More and more people joined the Nazi party as Hitler promised to end unemployment and poverty, regain lost territories, and bring Germany back to a state of power.

Unwinding the Treaty… As soon as Hitler came to power he began to rebuild Germany’s army and military. Hitler then moved his troops into Rhineland (1936), united with Austria (1938), and then set his sights on expanding east…

Appeasement…to satisfy Great Britain and other European countries did not want another conflict, so they agreed to some of the demands made by Hitler. This was called the Policy of Appeasement.

The Policy of Appeasement encouraged Hitler The Policy of Appeasement encouraged Hitler. He could now do what he wanted – without the fear of being stopped. .

September 1, 1939. Germany invades Poland. WWII BEGINS!

Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the war WORLD WAR II 1939-1945 US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1943 1944 1945 June 6 – D-Day Feb- USSR defeats Germany at the Battle of Stalingrad Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany May - Germans surrender Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war) Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the war Aug-Sept. - Atomic bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki; Japanese surrender

Axis control of Europe-1940

1941 Dec. 7 Pearl Harbor Attack Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. United States enters the war. US and Great Britain declare war against Japan, and allies Germany and Italy.

1942-1943 Battle of Stalingrad. A battle between Germany and the Soviet Union. Due to harsh climate, and lack of supplies, Germany endures tremendous losses and was forced to retreat The defeat is often considered a turning point in the war. In 1942 450,000 Germans marched into one city-Stalingrad. A year later, only 10,000 returned.

1944 June 6 Major German Defeat. D-DAY: The Invasion of Normandy A major battle on the beaches of France in which the Allies took control of Western Europe. Major German Defeat.

1945 April-May In May 1945 German forces surrender. On April 27, as Allied forces closed in on Milan, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was captured and executed. His body was then taken to Milan and hung for public display. On April 30, realizing that all was lost, German dictator Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his bunker along with Eva Braun, his long-time companion and wife. In May 1945 German forces surrender.

1945 August Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan).

The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono.

1945 September WWII officially ends after Japan signs a surrender on September 2nd 1945 -six years and a day after the war had begun. WWII ENDS!

WARM UP: Read the graph and answer the questions WARM UP: Read the graph and answer the questions. Write the answers only. Which 4 countries spent the largest percentage on defense and what do these 4 have in common? Which 3 countries have the lowest percentage spent on defense and what do they have in common? Which country spent the lowest on defense in 1937 and why might that be?