WORLD WAR I Section 3 Americans at War

Joining the Fight Congress declared _____ on ____ 2, While waiting for the _________ forces to assist the allies, Germany sank _______ Allied vessels from February-April of 1917.

Naval Problems Britain’s navy and their naval tactics were not enough to stop Germany’s ______. It was simply too difficult to patrol the entire ________ _______. The Allies were not getting the _________ they needed to fight the war on the Western ________.

Protecting Allied Shipping Britain’s top naval _______ predicted that ________ would win the war unless the flow of ______ from America __________. Allied naval leaders developed a _______ _______. Light, fast ________ ________ accompanied the convoys.

CONVOY SYSTEM

American Expeditionary Force Force The Americans had chosen John “Black Jack” ________ to lead the U.S. _______ into ________. England and ________ wanted the U.S. to integrate their troops into the ______ armies (this is called amalgamation).

American Expeditionary Force Pershing took the extra time (more training) to make sure Americans would be comprised of one force fighting underneath the ________ flag. Although it all worked out, Pershing was ridiculed by the Allies. They believed Pershing’s plan wasted time enabling the Germans to enter ______.

DOUGHDOUGHBOYS DOUGH

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION November 7, 1917, a radical faction known as the Bolsheviks gained control of _____ under the leadership of Vladimir _____. Bolsheviks Russia pulled out of the war in 1918, signing a peace _______ with Germany. This “pull out” of Russian troops allowed Germany to move __ divisions to the Western Front.

Russian Revolution Revolution

Check Point (Think-Pair-Share) How did the Convoy System work? How did it help the Allies? Why did John J. Pershing insist that Americans fight under their own flag? Even though it worked out, was this a good decision? What are some problems with Amalgamation? How did the peace agreement between Russia and Germany create a new obstacle for the Allies?

Germany Attacks On March 21, 1918, the German Army unleashed a series of attacks. The idea was to end the war before _______ could get involved. Germany knew there would be an armistice soon. The goal was to defeat the Allies and bring the war to an end on ______ terms. Pershing finally changed his stance and allowed some units to fight under French and British command.

Turning the Tide Americans fought bravely at several battles, including Chateau-Thierry and the Argonne Forest. bravely The _______ down the German army and advanced _______.

Armistice Debate As Germany wore down, an armistice was inevitable. France and Britain wanted a ______ settlement, while Woodrow Wilson proposed a “Fourteen Point” peace plan, which assured Germany lighter reparations (Vocab. Word!) Wilson’s plan was aimed more at future peace between nations instead of harsh consequences and animosity (hatred) towards Germany.

War’s Toll In the end, Germany ended up paying the harsh consequences Britain and France asked for. This sent Germany into a deep economic _________. Other Consequences: The war cost the lives of about ___ _______ men. Millions of other men were blinded, lost limbs, suffered permanent lung damage, and experienced deep psychological problems. Civilians also died of disease, starvation, or war- related causes. Millions of children were left orphaned (no parents) or __________.

Checkpoint (Think-Pair-Share) Why do you think Woodrow Wilson did not want harsh reparations pressed on Germany? America lost about 3.5% of the lives that Russia (1.7 mil.), France (1.3 mil.), and Britain (900,000) did individually. Germany lost 1.6 million men. Did America have the right to dictate the terms of the treaty?

Wilson’s Fourteen Points for Peace Read page 723 carefully and find four principles to secure peace in the World President Wilson offered at the Peace Conference in Paris. Confirm your understanding of these principles with your neighbor. What was Wilson’s Fourteenth point?

Postwar Troubles: Influenza Epidemic, Labor Unrest & the Red Scare Create a graphic organizer on the three topics above on the back of your 21.4 study guide.– See pg. 727 Postwar Troubles Influenza Epidemic Labor Unrest Red Scare Your Notes Your Notes