Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 1 ODIN The First Year of

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 2 20 February 2001 – Launch from Svobodny, Russia Start-2

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 3 Bad Things First - Attitude Control System e.g. Pointing & Beam Offset < 10 arcsec - Cooler & Battery - Phase lock 572 GHz - Phase lock 119 GHz But Things Improved

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 4 ODIN - A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY 50/50

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 5 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (AC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) 1 fixed + 4 tunable receivers

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 6 ODIN The First Year of SPECIAL ISSUE Letters - March 2003 ?

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 7 System/Topic Author et al. Odin Observatory L. Nordh Radiometer U. Frisk Calibrations M. Olberg Highlights Å. Hjalmarson

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 8 Molecule Source Isotope O 2 see next slide H 2 O W 3 Ori A H 2 18 O Comets H 2 18 O Galactic Centre H 2 18 O IRAS IC 443 NH 3  Oph A Ori A 15 NH 3 :

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 9 O GHz Bad Things First 1 day1 min1 sec1 hr 1 K 0.1 K 0.01 K L. Pagani et al. (accepted)

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 10 Line = C 18 O Noise = O 2 L. Pagani et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 11 Odin and SWAS and O 2

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 12  Oph A : Odin and SWAS and O 2 Odin: Pagani et al SWAS: Goldsmith et al T A (K) V lsr (km/s) Map Spectrum

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 13 Source X(O 2 ) TMC 1- NH 3 < 7.7 (-8) Ori A < 8.9 (-8) NGC 2071 < 1.5 (-7) L 134N - NH 3 < 1.7 (-7)  Oph A < 9.3 (-8) IRAS < 1.2 (-7) NGC 6334 I < 7.1 (-8) G < 7.6 (-7) M 17 SW < 5.7 (-7) S68 FIRS1 < 9.7 (-8) G <5.2 (-8) The Oxygen Desert by L. Pagani et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 14 Odin DETECTIONS

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 15 A. Lecacheux et al. Comets

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 16 A. Lecacheux et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 17 H 2 O H 2 18 O A. Lecacheux et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 18 A. Lecacheux et al. H 2 O map

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 19 C. Wilson et al. Water in W3

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 20 C. Wilson et al. IRS 5 IRS 4 SWAS pointing

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 21 C. Wilson et al. IRS3 no red peak: add IRS3 to IRS5 => inverted asymmetry

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 22 Water toward the Galactic Centre CND Aa. Sanqvist et al. a b c

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 23 Water toward the Galactic Centre Sgr A* Circum Nuclear Disk Absorption Feature N(H 2 ) X(H 2 O) a 3 kpc arm > b -30 km/s arm > c local Sgr arm > , < ( nd H 2 18 O) Aa. Sanqvist et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 24 Water toward IRAS Hjalmarson et al. Model parameters: Schöier et al ALI: P. Bergmancentral absorption due to envelope

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 25 Water toward the Orion Molecular Cloud (0, Ori KLA.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al. V lsr T

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 26 A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al. Orion KL H 2 O 557 GHz Declination - Velocity

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 27 H 2 O & H 2 18 O in Ori KL A.O.H. & G. Olofsson et al. a = H 2 O observed b = H 2 18 O observed a´ – b difference

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 28 Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud Odin: B. Larsson et al. KAO: Keene et al Bar: First NH 3 Detection

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 29 Map and Model Parameters: T. Wilson et al CO (7- 6) 13´´ X o (NH 3 ) Ori KL Warm Gas: Outflow: Ori S: Odin 2´ B. Larsson et al. Orion Bar X(NH 3 ) = (o/p = 1) Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 30 NH 3 without Phase Lock ? Telluric Ozone Line Low mixer current rms = 0.3 chnl. = 0.1 km/s Larsson et al. and Liseau et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 31 Ammonia toward Molecular Clouds Odin: R. Liseau et al. KAO: Keene et al DC: First NH 3 Detection Other Sources: NGC 1333 S 140 DR 21 (OH) W 3 W 3 (OH) No Detections

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 32 NH 3 toward the dense core  Oph A R. Liseau et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 33 (a) C 17 O column density N(H 2 ) = (0.5 – 1.3) cm -2 [5 – 50 K] volume density n(H 2 ) = (0.4 – 1.0) 10 5 cm -3 (b) CH 3 O kinetic gas temperature T k = 20 K X(CH 3 OH) = X E /X A = 0.89 (a & b) ammonia abundance X(NH 3 ) = Data: C 17 OLovas 1992, Chandra et al. 1996, Encrenaz et al CH 3 OHPickett et al. 1998, Pottage et al. 2001, 2002 A-states: Pei et al. 1988, E-states: this work NH 3 Cohen & Poynter 1974, Poynter & Kakar 1975, this work Danby et al  Oph A NH 3 ( ) R. Liseau et al. Consistency Checks: (1 1 – 1 1 ) (2 2 – 2 2 ) Zeng et al (2 2 – 2 2 ) (3 3 – 3 3 ) Wootten et al (1 0 – 0 0 ) ortho Tex = 6.5 K  0 = 4.6 (1 1 – 1 1 ) para (2 2 – 2 2 ) para (3 3 – 3 3 ) ortho

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 34 and Herschel-HIFI present Model Ammonia and Methanol  Oph A

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: February 2001 Svobodny Russia

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 36 THE END BUT NOT FOR ODIN

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 37 Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud 15 NH 3 and u-line ?

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 38 Ammonia toward the Orion Molecular Cloud 15 NH 3 and u-line ?

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 39 NH 3 (1 0 – 0 0 ) phase lock and frequency scale: Orion

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 40

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 41 THE ODIN SPACECRAFT  Launch : 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia)  Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending 18:00)  Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum) Platform : 3-axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros Mass: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) Height: 2.0 m Width: 3.8 m (1.1 m stowed) Power: 340 W (deployable, fixed solar arrays) Communication: Esrange, Sweden ( > 720 kbit/s) Data Storage: solid state memory ( > 100 Mbyte)  Telescope : 1.1 m offset Gregorian  Pointing: 15 arcsec (staring), (1.2 arcmin scanning: aeronomy)  Surface: 8  m primary, 5  m secondary (rms)  Material: CFRP skins on honeycomb

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 42 THE ODIN RADIOMETER

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 43 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS Front-Ends Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz)  System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) 119 GHz: 1 fixed receiver (InP HEMT)  System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB) Back-Ends 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy)

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 44 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: GHz A2: GHzA1: GHz B2: GHz B1: GHz Spectrometer: Bandwidth - Resolution AOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHz Correlators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz kHz 2 x 100 MHz kHz 1 x 100 MHz kHz (0.07 km s 557 GHz)

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 45 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: GHz A2: GHzA1: GHz B2: GHz B1: GHz O2O2 H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O2 [C I] ( 3 P P 0 ) 492 CO (5-4) C 18 O (5-4) CO (5-4) 551 H 2 18 O 548 H 2 17 O 552 CS 490 HDO 490 HD 18 O 493, 502 [ 13 C I] ( 3 P P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 46 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: GHz A2: GHzA1: GHz B2: GHz B1: GHz O2O2 H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O2 [C I] ( 3 P P 0 ) 492 CO (5-4) C 18 O (5-4) CO (5-4) 551 H 2 18 O 548 H 2 17 O 552 SWAS [ 13 C I] ( 3 P P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 47 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS A2: GHzA1: GHz B2: GHz B1: GHz H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O FIRST - HIFI BAND GHz___________________________________640 GHz

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 48 LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O 2 & NH 3

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 49 NH 3 ENERGY LEVELS Transition E/k  A (J,K) - (J,K) (K) (GHz) (  m) (s -1 ) (1,0) - (0,0) (1,1) (2,2) (2,0) - (1,0) (2,1) s - (1,1) a (2,1) a - (1,1) s SWAS gave little o-H 2 O, so what about o-NH 3 ?

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 50 + HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H 2 O & HDO

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 51 TELESCOPE BEAMS SWAS 553 GHz 3.’3 x 4.’5 FIRST 557 GHz 39’’ ODIN 557 GHz 2.’1 ISO 1670 GHz 80’’ FIRST 1670 GHz 13’’

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 52 Water toward IC 443 Hjalmarson et al.

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 53

Herschel-HIFI Consortium Leiden December 2002, page: 54