FUN TEACHING AND LEARNING THROUGH INFORMATION COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY (ICT). Sukabumi, Nopember 2010 Salam inovasi Jasmansyah

PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V-2 + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V 3 ) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V 3 ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Past Tense Active: S + V 2 ed + O Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O EX: He gave Tom a book. A book was given to Tom (by him). Tom was given a book (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Past Continuous Tense Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday. A letter was being written (by him).

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Past Perfect Tense Active: S + had + V. 3 (PP) + O Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday. His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Future Tense Active: S + will/shall + V.1 + O Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O EX: He will finish the homework. The homework will be finished.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Future Continuous Tense Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at tomorrow.

TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Future Perfect Tense Active: S + will/shall + have + V 3 ed + O Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her. I WILL HAVE BEEN RICH BY 2020

MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms. Active: S + MV (not) + V + O Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O EX: We can’t solve this problem. This problem can’t be solved.

PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM Active: S + Has/Have + O 1 + V (BI)+ O 2 S + Get + O 1 + V (to-infinitive) + O 2 Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O 2 + PP EX: My father had Tom wash his car. My father had his car washed by Tom

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE Verbs of liking/loving/wanting/wishing + Object + infinitive form their passive with the passive infinitive. Active: S + V + O 1 + to-infinitive + O 2 Passive: S + V + O + To Be + PP EX: He wants someone to take photographs. He wants photographs to be taken.

Such verbs as “have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe” are used in the following passive structure: Active: S + V + O + V (BI) Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive EX: The gravity makes things drop down. Things are made to drop down by the gravity. Note: The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + Infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice. Active: S + V + O 1 + to-infinitive + O 2 Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-infinitive + O 2 EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax. The Council was urged to reduce the tax.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice. Active: S + V + O 1 + to-infinitive + O 2 Passive: S 1 + V + that + S 2 + should be + PP EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax. He urged that the tax should be reduced.

OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE PASSIVE VERB After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/ consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/ say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction. Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.

Active: S 1 + V 1 + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. It was said that he was jealous of her.

Active: S 1 + V 1 + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her. He was said to be jealous of her.

Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb. Active: S 1 + V 1 + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her. It is said that he was jealous of her.

Active: S 1 + V 1 + that + S 2 + V 2 + (O) Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her. He is said to have been jealous of her.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE With advise/insist/propose/recommend /suggest + Gerund + Object Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass. He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used.

OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O + V-ing Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo. I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.

Active: S + V + To-inf + O Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago. English started to be learnt 5 years ago. Active: S + V + V-ing + O Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O EX: She started learning English 5 years ago. English started being learnt 5 years ago.