Neuroscience Integrative medicine

1. Neurons in the neostriatum are a. Inhibited by GABA released at corticostriate terminals b. Inhibited by GABA released at nigrostriatal terminals c. Inhibited by substance P released at corticostraite terminals d. Excited by Ach released from hypothalamic – caudate terminals e. Excited by glutamate released at corticostriate terminals

2. The primary transmitter released from terminals of both neostriatal and paleostriatal neurons is a. Glycine b. Enkephalin c. Dopamine d. GABA e. Glutamate

3. Since motor dysfunctions associated with disturbances of basal ganglia are expressed on the contralateral side of the body, one may conclude that the basal ganglia project a. Fibers to the spinal cord that are crossed b. Fibers to motor nuclei of the brainstem whose axons then project to the contralateral spinal cord c. Fibers to structures that ultimately influence motor regions of the ipsilateral cerebral cortex d. Axons to the cerebellum, whose outputs are known to modulate the contralateral side of the body

4. In Huntington’s disease, there is loss of a. Dopamine in the neostriatum b. Substance P in the substantia nigra c. ACH and GABA in intrastriatal and cortical neurons d. Serotonin in the neostriatum e. Most of the pallidal neurons

5. Damage to the subthalamic nucleus will result in a. Torsion dystonia b. Tremor at rest c. Hemiballism d. Spastic paralysis e. Tardive dyskinesia

6. Which of the following drugs ameliorate choreiform movements? a. Ach blockers because there is excess in thee caudate nucleus b. Dopamine blockers cos there is too low a ratio of ACH to dopamine in the neostraitum c. Serotonin blockers cos there is too low a ratio of serotonin to ACH d. Substance P antagonists cos the rato of substance p to ach is too hich in the neostraitum

7. Tardive dyskinesia is most likely the result of a. A change in serotonin receptors that causes a hypersensitivity to serotonin b. A change in ACH receptors that causes a hypersensitivity to ACH c. A change in enkephalin receptors that cause a hypersensitivity to enkephalin d. A change in dopamine receptors that cause a hypersensitivity to Dopamine

8. The neurotoxin 1- methyl-4- phenyl- 1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has recently been applied experimentally with considerable success as a model for a. Huntington’s disease b. Hemiballism c. Parkinson’s disease d. Tardive dyskinesia e. dystonia

10. The major afferent input to the floculonodular lobe is from a. Nucleus dorsalis b. Red nucleus c. Vestibular nuclei d. Cerebral cortex

11. Information arising from the cerebral cortex is known to reach the cerebellum. The fibers carrying it are: a. Somatotopically distributed to the anterior lobe b. Somatotopically distributed to the vermis of the anterior and posterior lobes c. Somatotopically distributed to the cerebellar hemispheres d. Distributed mainly to the dentate nucleus

The cerebellum contains a number of important feedback relationships with other areas of the CNS. Fill in the appropriate circuits missing for the remaining questions.

12. Frontal lobe deep pontine nuclei cerebellar cortex motor cortex ( frontal lobe). a. Fastigial nucleus red nucleus b. Interposed nucleus red nucleus c. Dentate nucleus ventrolateral ( VL) nucleus of the thalamus d. Dentate nucleus ventral anterior (VA) nucleus of the thalamus

13. Red nucleus inferior olivary nucleus cerebellar cortex red nucleus a. Fastigial nucleus b. Interposed nucleus c. Dentate nucleus d. Vestibular nuclei