th Amendment

Suffrage For Against Everyone should have equal rights Women should have the right to life, liberty, and property More voices in government Too stupid Too weak minded to deal with politics Would be distracted from domestic roles Would become too masculine Men/Husbands represent their opinions

Women Activist: Two Opposing Views Carrie Chapman CattAlice Paul Gain Right Slowly State by State (Conservative) (Already Voting in the west- Wyoming 1 st State to grant the right) Older Immediately Constitutional Amendment Younger

National American Women Suffrage Association Alice Paul joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and was appointed Chairwoman of their Congressional Committee in Washington, DC. Her job was to organize a parade in DC the day before President Wilson's inauguration. Parade was a success, however….

Break from NAWSA Tension soon arose between Paul and Catt. Alice Paul broke from the NAWSA in 1916 and her own party with the National Women’s Party (NWP) pushing for a Constitutional amendment (what NAWSA had failed to do) This party focused on the early principles of women rights- activists like Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton.

Why is an Amendment so hard to get? 2/3 of Congress need to propose the Amendment ¾ of the states have to ratify the amendment

19 th Amendment Signed into law on August 26 th, 1920 Gave women the right to vote “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex”

The fight continues for equal rights Aftermath of the 19 th Amendment Changing Rights in the 1960’s

Workplace 43% of women work by 1969 compared to 20% 1940 By 1960 over 30% of married women worked -up 15% from 1940

The Feminine Mystique Author: Betty Friedan Suburban housewife

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Outlawed major forms of discrimination against African Americans and women, including racial segregation. It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public ("public accommodations").

Title IX Passed in Clear up some controversy with Civil Rights Act. Some argued Act did not give enough equal rights to women. “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance...”

Title IX Title IX applies to an entire school or institution if any part of that school receives federal funds. Such as athletics. Must have equal funding for men and women’s sports as well as have equal opportunities to play sports Other parts include not discriminating against ones sex in class enrollment and college admissions Obama speaks about Title IX

Effect today WNBA and WPS Without Title IX these leagues do not exist as they are an extension of women’s collegiate sports. Some argue it is unfair today that men and women’s sports receive the same benefits since men’s sports bring in more revenue.

National Organization of Women (NOW) 1966 Largest organization for women today Helped fight for equality in the workplace, birth control & pregnancy rights, against sexism and discrimination, etc. Today has expanded to include rights of homosexuals

Equal Rights Amendment ERA: written by Alice Paul failed to pass as an amendment guaranteeing equal rights to women under law. The ERA was passed out of Congress in 1972 and has been ratified by 35 of the necessary 38 states. Advocates argue ERA would ensure: Equal rights on the basis of uniform Help solve inconsistency with cases of sex discrimination (IE- the workplace)

Roe v. Wade (1973) Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Abortions were not allowed under Texas law except to save the pregnant woman's life. Roe wished to have an abortion. Roe argued that the right to privacy through due process of the 14th Amendment should extend to the decision to have an abortion. Filed Lawsuit- The Supreme Court had to decide if the Constitution supported a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy by abortion?

Roe v. Wade Many states outlawed abortions at this time. (Texas abortions were only legal to save the life of the mother). Case had significant impact on abortion laws. Significant because it came during the Women’s Rights Movement.

Roe v. Wade Decision 7 votes for Roe, 2 vote(s) against During the first Trimester of pregnancy, abortion was permitted without any interference with the state. During the second trimester, a state could regulate them for safety but could not prohibit abortion. During the third trimester, an abortion is illegal except if the mother’s life is in danger

Court Case Significance Effectively legalized abortions throughout the country Allowed women to have freedom over their bodies. This right to an abortion fell within their right to privacy protected by the Fourteenth Amendment.