AP Biology Discussion Notes Monday 12/15/2014

Goals for the Day 1.Be able to say how the Calvin cycle functions and how plants differ in use of this process. 2.Be able to describe how cellular respiration and photosynthesis are related.

Why do organisms do cellular respiration? Question of the Day 12/15

Concept 10.3: The Calvin cycle uses the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH to reduce CO 2 to sugar

The Calvin cycle, like the citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle), regenerates its starting material after molecules enter and leave the cycle The cycle builds sugar from smaller molecules by using ATP and the reducing power of electrons carried by NADPH

Carbon enters the cycle as CO 2 and leaves as a sugar named glyceraldehyde 3-phospate (G3P) For net synthesis of 1 G3P, the cycle must take place three times, fixing 3 molecules of CO 2 The Calvin cycle has three phases –Carbon fixation (catalyzed by rubisco) –Reduction –Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor (RuBP)

Why do high temperatures matter? As we are getting sick this season, why the worry about extreme fevers?

Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3PP P6 Short-lived intermediate 3-Phosphoglycerate 3P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) Figure Carbon Fixation

Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3PP P6 Short-lived intermediate 3-Phosphoglycerate 6 6 ADP ATP 6PP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle 6 NADPH 6 NADP  6 P i6 P i 6P Phase 2: Reduction Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 3P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 1P G3P (a sugar) Output Glucose and other organic compounds Figure Reduction

Input 3 (Entering one at a time) CO 2 Phase 1: Carbon fixation Rubisco 3PP P6 Short-lived intermediate 3-Phosphoglycerate 6 6 ADP ATP 6PP 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Calvin Cycle 6 NADPH 6 NADP  6 P i6 P i 6P Phase 2: Reduction Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) P 5 G3P ATP 3 ADP Phase 3: Regeneration of the CO 2 acceptor (RuBP) 3P P Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 1P G3P (a sugar) Output Glucose and other organic compounds 3 Figure Regeneration

Calvin Cycle Draw Me!

Photosynthesis Know major stages, their inputs outputs, and functions.

Cell Respiration Quizzes What does an increase in Carbon Dioxide tell us? What does a high rate compared to another trial tell us? THINK ABOUT ENERGY USE!!!!!!!!

Cell Respiration Quizzes How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Could you tell anything about photosynthesis by looking at Carbon Dioxide levels??? What would happen to Carbon Dioxide levels if photosynthesis was the ONLY Process happening.

CALCULATING RATE Calculating a change! –(Change in this compared to change in that)

Cell Respiration Quizzes INSECTS vs. Mammals, what do we know about them? How do they differ in the cold? What does that require?

Cell Respiration Quizzes Germinating vs. Cold peas NEED TO CONSIDER ENERGY USE! Consider what we can compare and what we cannot.

Cell Respiration Quiz GRADES THERE IS NO FINAL GRADE on these quizzes Instead of corrections after, we are correcting them before since we will not be able to retake these. Consider your answers carefully and rewrite in a DIFFERENT COLOR. You may leave anything you want, you do not have to change anything.

Work Order Today 1.Change/correct anything you want to on the cell respiration quizzes. 2.Finish Mitosis/Meiosis quiz corrections if you have not 3.Finish photosynthesis note guide if you have not. 4.Work on practice short response AP Essay questions. 5.Grade your own short response essays

Grades Some still to go in the gradebook… –Cell respiration quiz –Photosynthesis notes –Human Aneuploidy Article –Retakes –TEST –Test Corrections