CELL ACTIVITIES created by Mrs. Jackson 9/2008

Cell Activities Include: Cell Transport Cell Transport Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Division Division

Cell Transport Since cells are basically factories (of proteins), they need to get stuff in and out just like any factory. Cells use either passive transport or active transport to move substances through the membrane.

Passive Transport This type of transport does not require cell energy (ATP) to occur. It takes advantage of vibrational energy of the molecules. Two Types of Passive Transport are -  Diffusion  Osmosis

Diffusion Small molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration Small molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

Osmosis The diffusion of water The diffusion of water (green molecules are too large to move through membrane)

Active Transport This type of transport requires cell energy (ATP) to occur. It is used to  Move molecules against the concentration gradient  Move in/out large molecules or substances.

Protein Synthesis DNA found in the cell nucleus is made up of a series of base pairs made of Adenine- Thymine or Guanine-Cytosine DNA found in the cell nucleus is made up of a series of base pairs made of Adenine- Thymine or Guanine-Cytosine

A stretch of these base pairs is a gene A stretch of these base pairs is a gene The code of a gene can be translated by cell machinery into a protein in a 2 step process called protein synthesis. The code of a gene can be translated by cell machinery into a protein in a 2 step process called protein synthesis.

Protein Synthesis Transcription Transcription Occurs in the nucleus Occurs in the nucleus Converts DNA/gene code into mRNA code Converts DNA/gene code into mRNA code mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves out to the ribosomes mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves out to the ribosomes

Translation Translation Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes Occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes Converts mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids. Converts mRNA code into a sequence of amino acids. A long sequence of amino acids = a protein A long sequence of amino acids = a protein

Cell Division Cells divide through two process –  Mitosis  Meiosis

Mitosis This type of division produces 2 identical cells (clones) from 1 cell. This type of division produces 2 identical cells (clones) from 1 cell. Each cell formed has the full set of chromosomes. Each cell formed has the full set of chromosomes. Occurs during embryo development, growth, and tissue repair (like a cut healing) Occurs during embryo development, growth, and tissue repair (like a cut healing)

Meiosis This type of division produces gametes. This type of division produces gametes. Gametes are egg or sperm cells. Gametes are egg or sperm cells. Gametes are used in reproduction. Gametes are used in reproduction. Each gamete has ½ the chromosomes as the rest of the body cells. Each gamete has ½ the chromosomes as the rest of the body cells.