Slide 1 of 40 Prokaryotic Cells: Includes ONLY Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 2 of 40 Most numerous organisms on Earth

Slide 3 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall BACTERIA: Most numerous organisms on Earth 1 st forms of life on Earth All are prokaryotic General Traits of all prokaryotes: Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Unicellular (separate or in a colony) Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic (make own food) (obtain food from others) Are microscopic “.” 300 side by side = printed period

Slide 4 of 40 Bacteria is found EVERYWHERE… fFood Air Soil On and in our body On all objects

Slide 5 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 430,000 year old bacteria found in a fresh water lake in Antarctica Deep Ocean

Slide 6 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell wall: -made up of proteins and carbs -protects and gives shape to cell. Cell wall

Slide 7 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Cell membrane: -regulates what goes into and out of the cell

Slide 8 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Outer covering that is sticky. Allows bacteria to adhere to surfaces and prevents WBC’s from engulfing them. Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule

Slide 9 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Cytoplasm: -liquid solution which suspends the DNA and ribosomes.

Slide 10 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes Ribosomes: -uses DNA’s instructions to make all proteins

Slide 11 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Cell Wall Cell membrane Capsule Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA DNA: -genetic material -1 loop of DNA

Slide 12 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall DNA Sex pili Sex pili: -short proteins which bacteria use to pick up DNA from the environment or from another bacteria cell Flagella: -1 or more whip like structure or movement Flagella

Slide 13 of 40 Flagella: for movement.

Slide 14 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Conjugation During conjugation, a hollow bridge made up of the sex pili forms between two bacterial cells, and segments of DNA move from one cell to the other. Examples of how sex pili are used:

Slide 15 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Transformation: When bacteria use their sex pili to pick up DNA from their environment.

Slide 16 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Classifying Prokaryotes E. coli, a Typical Eubacterium Cell wall Cell Membrane Ribosomes DNA Flagellum Capsule

Slide 17 of 40 Ideal Reproductive/Growth Conditions -moisture -warmth -food source -darkness Food and moisture Warm and darkness Ideal warm, dark and moist environment with plenty of food? The human body

Slide 18 of 40 Part A of Bacteria lab Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 19 of 40 Endospores A hard, protective case that forms around the DNA of the bacteria cell during unfavorable growth conditions. Spores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions. Spores can remain dormant for months or years.

Slide 20 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Bacteria can be: 1. Heterotrophic -uses other organisms as a food source.

Slide 21 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 2. Saprophytic: -live off dead matter -bacteria is the #1 decomposer 3. Autotrophic: -makes their own food through photosynthesis.

Slide 22 of 40 Reproduction Binary fission Binary Fission Bacteria copies its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells. Form of asexual reproduction Takes about 20 min. in bacteria.

Slide 23 of 40 Most people think of bacteria of only being “bad” but bacteria do a lot of good too!!! Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 24 of 40 The GOOD…….. To make medicines Oil eating bacteria To make food #1 decomposer Sewage treatment

Slide 25 of 40 The BAD……….. Makes us sick/causes illnesses STD’s: Gonorrhea, Syphilis Chlamydia, Botulism, Lymes Disease, Pinkeye, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia

Slide 26 of 40 Can they be stopped? Refrigeration Freezing Heat: canning, cooking, sterilization Dehydration Antiseptics Antibiotics

Slide 27 of 40 Set up Part B of lab Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 28 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall You go to the doctors with a sore throat……………..now what happens????

Slide 29 of 40 The doctor has to classify the bacteria to know how to treat it. 1. The doctor cultures/grows the bacteria.

Slide 30 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes 2. The doctor determines the shape of the bacteria. Bacilli Rod-shaped prokaryotes are called bacilli.

Slide 31 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes Spherical prokaryotes are called cocci. Cocci

Slide 32 of 40 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Identifying Prokaryotes Spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes are called spirilla. Spirilla

Slide 33 of The doctor determines its “colony” formation: Strept mean grows in a long chain. Staph means grows in a cluster

Slide 34 of 40 Can you identify these bacteria? Steptococcus Round and in a straight line Staphococcus Round and in a cluster.

Slide 35 of 40 Part C of the Bacteria lab Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall