By Devin Chong and Daniel Estess

 Prokaryotes are very common on earth, in fact, combined they are 10 times more mass than that of eukaryotes.  The difference in cell walls between bacteria and plant cells is that bacteria contain peptidoglycan whereas plants contain chitin or cellulose.  Gram Stan technique classifies bacteria by cell wall composition(gram positive and gram negative)

 Bacteria use a flagella and taxis to locomote  Chemotaxis bacteria respond to chemicals by changing their movement pattern, this is an example to stimulus taxis.  Binary fission is bacteria's primary method of reproduction.

1. Photoautotrophs – photosynthesis organic compounds from CO2 2. Chemoautotrophs – only need CO2 to oxidize inorganic compounds into organic compounds 3. Photoheterotrophs – use light energy but obtain carbon in organic form 4. Chemohetrotrophs – consume organic molecules for energy and carbon

 Using subunit ribosomal RNA as a marker for evolutionary relationships, prokaryotes have been classified into domains bacteria and archaea.  Prokaryotes are included in every aspect of the biosphere they recycle chemical elements between living and non living items and they work as decomposers.

 Protists are more diverse than all other eukaryotes and no longer classified within a single kingdom, they can be unicellular or multi-cellular, have two types of reproduction and many ways to obtain food.  Endosymbiosis: A process in which certain unicellular organism engulf other cells which become endosymbionts and ultimately organelles in the host cell.

 Secondary Endosymbiosis: A heterotrophic eukaryote ingests another organism through the food vacuole and become a endosymbionts themselves.

Branch PointCharacteristics 1. Autotroph/ heterotroph & decomposers a.They need CO2 to gather their organic materials b.Require one organic nutrient to create their food c.Heterotrophic breakdowns rotting food to gather organic compounds 2. Flagella/no flagella a.Diplomonads have multiple flagella/Parabasalids move by means of flagella b.Ciliates use cilia to move 3. Crystal rods in flagella/ no rods Euglenozoans have spiral or crystalline rod inside their flagella most have disk shaped mitochondrial critae 4. Symbiosis with fungi 5. Live in shallow water/ live on land a.Foraminiforans are marine and freshwater amoebas with porous shells made of organic material b.Gymnamoebas most are heterotrophs live in soil as well as water 6. Decomposer/He terotrophic consumer Slave molds aggregate into plasmodium, it extends by engulfing decomposing material