Survey of Organisms Part 1 Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists

Kingdoms and Domains 3 Domains; 6 Kingdoms Domain Bacteria Contains Kingdom Bacteria Domain Archaea Contains Kingdom Archaea Domain Eukarya Contains Four Kingdoms: Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Prokaryotes (18.4) Kingdom Bacteria Kingdom Archaea Can survive extreme environments Most widespread and abundant organisms on earth

Prokaryotes (18.4) Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles (no nucleus) Single celled DNA is circular and found in the cytoplasm (plasmids) Prokaryotes often move on their own by gliding or using a flagellum

Bacteria versus Archaea Bacteria contain a polymer called peptidoglycan in their cell walls; this is not present in Archaea Bacteria are more diverse and widespread Archaea found in extreme environments due to a heat resistant substance, isoprene

Bacteria Three common shapes of bacteria Bacillus or Rod Shaped Spirillus or Spiral Coccus or Spherical

PROTISTS Great Diversity Eukaryotes May be single-celled or multicellular Can be microscopic or very large Some reproduce asexually, some reproduce sexually and asexually

PROTISTS, cont. Plantlike protists These protists make their own food, like plants, by photosynthesis May be single-celled, multicellular, or live in colonies Algae is an example

PROTISTS, cont. Funguslike protists Animal-like protists These protists decompose dead organisms Slime molds and water molds are examples Animal-like protists these protists consume other organisms Single-celled

Protozoa The term used to decribe animal-like protists Protozoa may have one or more flagella – zooflagellates Protozoa may have pseudopods (“fake foot”) – a temporary extension of cytoplasm and membrane that helps pull the protozoa along Protozoa may have cilia – short hairlike structure help protozoa to swim & capture food

Plantlike Protists Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Diatoms Single-celled protists swim with the aid of flagella Fresh water or oceans Dinoflagellates Single-celled Plankton (microscopic, live in water) Some are toxic Diatoms Tiny single-cell algae, rigid glasslike shells