Task-based writing Luhua from No 5 High School How to write the second part of argumentation

（ 2014 江苏）书面表达 When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese. The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life. [ 写作内容 ] 1. 用约 30 个单词写出上文概要 ; 2. 用约 120 个单词发表你的观点, 内容包括 : (1) 支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇 ; (2) 用 2- 3 个理由或论据支撑你的观点。 [ 写作要求 ] 1. 可以支持文中任一观点, 但必须提供理由或论据 ; 2. 阐述观点或提供论据时, 不能直接引用原文语句 ; 3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称 ; 4. 不必写标题。

阅读下面短文， 然后按要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Teenagers’ secrets should be kept to themselves and no one else, their parents included, has the right to stick their nose into their private life. As we know, teenagers are going through a special period of development both physically and psychologically. They are curious about and puzzled by the unexpected changes in their body and mind. What’s more, exposed to a world of adults, it is only too natural for them to begin imitating ( 模仿 ) adults’ behaviors in secret. Boys begin to smoke and girls begin to spend time doing their hair. Some even begin to date with a girlfriend or boyfriend without their parents’ knowledge. They are doing all this in secret because they are still unsure whether it is right to do so and afraid that, if found out by their parent, they will get misunderstood and even punished. And in fact, in many cases, the parents cannot deal with the matter well and hurt their children’s feelings badly, making children no longer willing to communicate with their parents. When this happens, it hurts terribly the whole family feeling. So it seems right that teenagers should keep their secrets to themselves and their parents should allow their children that right. [ 写作内容 ] 1 以约 30 个词概括上文的内容。 2 就 “ 青少年的秘密该不该让父母知道 ” 这一话题写一篇 120 词左右的文章，内容包括： （ 1 ）你是支持还是反对与父母分享秘密？ （ 2 ）你支持还是反对的理由是什么。 （ 3 ）结合你的实际，谈谈你是具体怎么做的。 （五中期初卷）

Argumentation 议论文 Show the writer’s point of view

Task-based writing state your opinions 2 summarize the passage 1

Step one write a summary

Write in the third person indirect speech general( 概括性 ) words keys Topic sentence the original sentences your own judgments about 30 words omit ( 省略 ) the details

Useful structure The article gives the view that… The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of … The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of …

One possible version: The passage talks about micro-foreign study tours and their expected benefits for children.However, in view of student’s actual experience on such tours, many parents are now questioning their true value.

Step Two State your opinion

Step Two State your opinion

Structure: State your opinion agree or disagree 1 Give reasons to support your opinion 2 Related experience If necessary 3 就 “ 青少年的秘密该不该让父母知道 ” 这一话题写一篇 120 词左右的文章，内容 包括：（ 1 ）你是支持还是反对与父母分享秘密？ （ 2 ）你支持还是反对的理由是什么。 （ 3 ）结合你的实际，谈谈你是具体怎么做的。

1Clear Opinion( 观点明确 ) ·Agree or disagree · Never have two opposite opinions in one essay at the same time

ambiguous opinion

I am against I don’t support the idea that be in favor of sharing

Useful sentences: I do agree with the author… In some way, I agree with …, but… This opinion sounds right but is hardly practical. It is definitely not like that. As a matter of fact, … On my personal note ， … I can’t agree more with … I’m for the idea that … As far as I’m concerned… …

Structure: State your opinion agree or disagree 1 Give reasons to support your opinion 2 Related experience If necessary 3

2 Supporting details( 理由充分 ) · Concrete and persuasive · avoid the repetition of personal idea

Supporting details

Proper linking words

总述原因 (1)There are several reasons that contribute to... (2)My views are based on the following reasons. 分层论述 (1)On the one hand,... On the other,... (2)For one thing,... For another... (3)To begin with/First of all/First (ly),... Second (ly),... Besides/Furthermore /What’s more,... Finally/Last but not least...

Structure: State your opinion agree or disagree 1 Give reasons to support your opinion 2 Related experience If necessary 3

No experience at all Related experience

3 Related experience After reading the story, my mind begins its search for a similar experience…… The story above reminds me of a similar experience happening in…… It reminds me of my own experience/story, which will never escape my memory

Handwriting really counts

Practice

More and more parents are sending their children on "micro-foreign study tours“. Parents hope these tours, typically 10 to 14 days travelling through English-speaking countries such as America or the UK, will help improve their children's language proficiency as well as provide them with a greater understanding of the local customs and culture. …………………… So some parents are now having second thoughts about the value of these micro-foreign study tours. How much do they really help their children? Are they worth the money? And finally ， are the tours meant for study or just for pleasure? 写作内容 1. 以约 30 词概括上文的主要内容。 （ Have finished as homework ） 2. 以约 120 词对父母送孩子出国游学的现象进行讨论，内容包括： 1) 你是否赞成文中对出国游学的看法？ 2) 以你或他人的经历说明你的观点； 3) 如果有机会，你愿意参加什么样的出国游学？

One possible version:

I think such worries are unnecessary. Travelling abroad, whether for study or pleasure, __________ Besides,___________ 。 It reminds me of my own experience.__________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________ My own dream is to travel to ____________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Disagree

Some related expressions: 1 开阔视野 _________________ 2 进行旅游 ___________________ 3 听课 _______________________ 4 更多的了解 __________________ 5 对某事印象深刻 __________________ 6 梦想做某事 __________________ 7 去各地旅游 _____________________ broaden one’s horizons/ go on a tour attend a course have a better understanding of be impressed with/by sth dream of doing sth travel to different places

Agree I couldn’t agree more with the author. Students on such tours _________.What’s worse,_______________. I went on such a tour myself four years ago. I still remember how other students behaved in class:_________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________________________________________. Perhaps if tours __________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________.

I think such worries are unnecessary. Travelling abroad, whether for study or pleasure, __________Besides,__________ __________ 。 It reminds me of my own experience.__________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ My own dream is to travel to ____________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ __________________________. I couldn’t agree more with the author. Students on such tours _________What’s worse, _____ _______________________ I went on such a tour myself four years ago. I still remember how other students behaved in class:_________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _________________________. Perhaps if tours____________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ __________________. Agree Disagree

Homework

There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerable, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual — the sort of the environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped( 受阻碍 ) environmentally, it is likely that his brain will stop to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be proved by the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster( 寄养 ) homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his brother. [ 写作内容 ] 1) 以约 30 个词概括短文的要点； 2) 然后以约 120 个词就 “ 环境与人的智力发展 ” 的主题发表看法，并包括如下 要点： a) 你是否赞同 “ 环境决定智力的发展 ” 这一观点？为什么？ b) 请举出具体事例说明你的观点； c) 你认为如何才能最大限度地发展智力？