Improving Graduate Education in Developing Countries Jamil Salmi Dublin, 5-7 March 2008

2 natural lab experiment: U. of Malaya vs. NUS early 1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya today: NUS ranked # 19 UM only # 192

3 outline of the presentation excellence in graduate education challenges for developing countries a new education paradigm

4 defining excellence self-declaration

6 defining excellence self-declaration reputation rankings

7 results and performance top graduates leading edge research vigorous technology transfer

8 critical dimensions concentration of talent abundant resources favorable governance

Autonomy Academic Freedom Students Teaching Staff Researchers Research Output Technology Transfer Concentration of Talent Abundant Resources Favorable Governance Leadership Team Strategic Vision Culture of Excellence Public Budget Resources Endowment Revenues Tuition Fees Research Grants Excellence Supportive Regulatory Framework Graduates Excellence in Graduate Education Alignment of Key Factors Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi

10 U. Of Malaya vs. NUS – talent UM: selection bias in favor of Bumiputras, less than 5% foreign students, no foreign professors NUS: highly selective, 43% of graduates students are foreign, many foreign professors

11 U. Of Malaya vs. NUS (II) – finance UM: $118 million, $4,053 per student NUS: $750 million endowment, $205 million, $6,300 per student – governance UM: restricted by government regulations and control, unable to hire top foreign professors NUS: status of a private corporation, able to attract world-class researchers (incl. Malaysians)

12 outline of the presentation excellence in graduate education challenges for developing countries

13 the challenges governance

14 the challenges governance brain drain resources

15 US Institutions Endowments Assets (2006 million $) UK Institutions Endowment Assets (2002 million $) Harvard University28,916Cambridge4,000 Yale University18,031Oxford4,000 Stanford University14,085Edinburgh3200 University of Texas13,235Glasgow240 Princeton University13,045King’s200 Comparison of US and UK Endowment Levels

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17 the challenges governance brain drain resources digital divide

18 the digital divide

19 connectivity in Africa same bandwidth as an average household in the US 100 times as expensive as what an average US university pays

20 the way forward national priority vision and strategic planning strategic deployment of resources

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22 the way forward national priority vision and strategic planning strategic deployment of resources internationalization (regional cooperation, diaspora)

23 internationalization language mobility –faculty –students –leaders joint / double degrees supportive technology –distance education –remote research

24 outline of the presentation excellence in graduate education challenges for developing countries a new education paradigm

25 new education paradigm learning by doing

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27 other intriguing experiences Laurea University of Applied Science (Finland) Alverno College (USA) LimKokWing University of Creative Technology (Malaysia)

28 Giorgio Armani-Samsung mobile

29 new education paradigm learning by doing creativity

30 creativity invent experiment think out of the box take chances break the rules make mistakes and have fun…

31 new education paradigm learning by doing creativity e-learning / blended learning

34 new education paradigm learning by doing creativity e-learning / blended learning open education resources

35 MIT’s Open CourseWare

36 Chinese open resources for education

37 virtual learning communities

38 new education paradigm learning by doing creativity e-learning / blended learning open education resources regional / local engagement

39 resolution of local problems

41 Clemson University land grant university focused on agricultural and mechanical crafts changing region strategic partnership with BMW to become premier automotive and sports car research U aims to become # 20

42 conclusion

43 conclusion  alignment  time dimension  adaptation of doctoral programs to new education paradigm integration of research and undergraduate studies interactive pedagogical approaches e-learning