FORCES THAT INFLUENCE SOCIAL CHANGE CHAPTER 3 FORCES THAT INFLUENCE SOCIAL CHANGE

CHAPTER 3 - KEY TERMS Anomie Alienation Income Inequality Systematic Discrimination Relative Income Inequality Absolute Income Inequality Low-Income Cut-Off Line (LICO) Low-Income Measure Market Basket Measure (MBM)

Key Terms Cont… Term Definition Anomie Condition where a group is without any roots or norms as they struggle daily to survive Alienation The state of being (or feeling) alone, separate, different Income Inequality Gap between what the rich and poor earn Systemic Discrimination When a system exists that favours one or some groups over others in terms of hiring, benefits, promotion and pay increases Relative Income Inequality Comparing percentage of total income in each 1/5th of the population enjoy Absolute Income Inequality Amount of money earned by different groups

Key Terms Cont… Measures of Poverty Definition Low Income Cut Off Line (LICO) Crude measurement tool (if 64% or more of total income is spent on food, shelter and clothing then one is below the LICO/poverty line) Low Income Measure (LIM) A relative measurement tool that categorizes individuals (or households) whose adjusted family income is below 50% of the median income. Market Basket Measure (MBM) A relative measurement tool that defines low income in relation to a specific basket of essential goods and services, without which (or without access to which) an individual or household is considered to be living in poverty. The basket represents a standard of consumption (food, clothing, shelter, transport, and other expenditures). The strength of this approach is that it takes into account the local conditions in costing the basket.

POVERTY What does poverty look like in our society? What groups in our society are at risk of being poor? What does poverty look like in other societies around the world? How does our society define poverty? Why are people still poor in societies where the economy is booming and prosperous? Start your sentence with “people are poor because…” What are some possible solutions for eliminating poverty in our society? Around the world?

What would you put in your basket?

POVERTY IS… Hunger Lack of shelter Lack of clothing Being sick and not being able to get help Not being able to go to school Not having a job Living one day at a time Losing a child to illness due to unclean water Powerlessness Etc…

MUSICAL CHAIRS WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY RELATIVE POVERTY Compares a person’s total income and spending patterns with those of the general population Is often measured using the LICO: -If 64% or more of take home income is spent on basic necessities (food, shelter, clothing) one is defined as poor in Canadian society MUSICAL CHAIRS WEALTH DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITY

Poverty in Canada News Report-3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqUGVTXY_5U Elaine’s Story-3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N5_wjpCGto0 Poor No More: Documentary 2010-50 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ1ypJ2erpw

ABSOLUTE POVERTY Absolute poverty is measured by comparing a person’s total income against the total cost of purchasing a specific ‘basket’ of goods and services representing the essentials of daily life. People with inadequate income to purchase this basket of items are considered to be living in absolute poverty Also depends on access to social services

Poverty Around The World Global Statistics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwIEZDMDBo4 Personal Stories of Poverty Gobally-3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohwRAUnDGt0 End Poverty Campaign 2012-12 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrW8ier__4Q BBC: Debate on Poverty 2012-45 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNIEb3injpc

PRIVILEGE AND OPPORTUNITY What does privilege mean? What does privilege look like in our society? What impact does privilege have on an individual moving through their life? What does the slogan ‘Check your privilege’ mean? What does the term ‘invisible knapsack’ mean?

NATIONAL ANTI-POVERTY ORGANIZATION (2003) Deep and persistent poverty continues in Canada Rate and depth of poverty has depened for many groups Young families are more likely to be poor Vulnerability of children and lone-parent families is a concern

OTHER FACTS RELATED TO POVERTY The cost of poverty to Canada has been estimated at 72-86 billion/year 5-6% of GDP (Ontario Association of Food Banks) In March 2010, 867 948 Canadians (38% children) used food banks for food support (28% increase since 2008) 865,000 Canadian children under the age of 18 lived in poverty in 2004-one of every 8 children. Class Activity: Calculate expenses for a female lone-parent family