Oedipus Rex by Sophocles

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Presentation transcript:

Oedipus Rex by Sophocles “O God! It has all come true. Light, let this be the last time I see you.”

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Tragedy: a literary genre of drama in which the character(s) suffer. Why do we enjoy, in some sense, watching tragedies – that is, watching people suffer?

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Plato’s Challenge (The Republic): Why are representations of people suffering a “pleasurable experience”? Aristotle answered Plato’s challenge in his literary theory, Poetics

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Aristotle’s definition of tragedy: A tragedy, then, is the imitation of an action that is serious…a dramatic, not a narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear…to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions. (Poetics 1449b.24)

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy “…the imitation of an action that is serious” = art involves imitation What does art imitate? "not of persons, but of action and life, of happiness and misery" (Poetics 1451b)

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Catharsis Dramatic Unities Hamartia Hubris Recognition Reversal

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy CATHARSIS Aristotle’s most influential point in his rules (yet, ironically, his smallest – it only took up a few lines in his theory) was the idea of CATHARSIS. Catharsis: purging of the emotions “through pity and fear.” Tragedies gave the audience a feeling of catharsis – he believed this to be good for the human soul.

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy DRAMATIC UNITIES Time: over how much time does the play take place? Place: where the action of the play takes place Action: usually focuses on one hero and one plot

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy HAMARTIA a “tragic flaw,” though many modernists now refer to it as an “error” or “mistake”. Hamartia leads to a hero’s tragic downfall.

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy HUBRIS exaggerated pride or self-confidence (before the gods). Main reason for hubris: “As for the pleasure in hubris, its cause is this: men think that by ill-treating others they make their own superiority greater.”

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy RECOGNITION (peripetia) the hero realizes the catastrophe at hand and it is at this point that his/her flaw must be recognized and accepted, along with his/her “death.” REVERSAL (anagnorisis) occurs when the opposite of what the hero intends is what happens.

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Tragic Hero - character in the story that has a fatal flaw (hamartia). Qualities of a Tragic Hero A noble birth/special wisdom bestowed upon them from birth Hamartia Recognition Reversal

Aristotle’s Rules of Tragedy Six elements of a tragic drama: Plot – goes hand in hand with Character; "In a play, they do not act in order to portray the characters; they include the characters for the sake of the action" (Poetics 1450a.20). Character – action must be consistent with character. Diction – the style of language Thought – indication through words (or other means) of what characters are thinking Spectacle – staging, lighting, sets, costumes Melody – style of text/lyrics/music