Physical Science Notes Phases of Matter

Matter is everything you can touch All matter can exist in 1 of 4 different phases or states. The 4 phases are: – Solid -- Liquid – Gas--Plasma

Phases of Matter The difference between each phase is how much kinetic energy (moving energy) the particles of the matter contain. The more kinetic energy they have the more they are moving. The more the particle are moving the higher the temperature.

Phases of Matter Solids – Lowest amount of energy – Lowest amount of particle movement – Lowest temperature – Matter has a definite shape and a definite volume

Phases of Matter Liquids – Mid-level amount of energy – Mid-level amount of particle movement – Mid-level temperature – Matter has a definite volume, but does not have a definite shape – Particles flow past each other, but maintain contact with their neighbors

Phases of Matter Gases – High amount of energy – High amount of particle movement – High temperature – Matter does not have a definite shape nor volume – Particles are bouncing off of each other

Phases of Matter Plasma – Highest level of energy – Highest amount of particle movement – Highest temperature – Matter is moving very fast and is electrified

Phases of Matter What is the effect of adding energy to matter? – It gets hot – It expands, this causes its density to decrease. – Eventually it will go through a phase change.

Phases of Matter The Processes of phase changes occur at precise temperatures for all pure matter. The temperature at which these occur is specific for each type of matter

Phases of Matter The Processes of Phase Changes – Adding Energy Solid to liquid – melting Liquid to gas – vaporization Gas to plasma - ionization

Phases of Matter The Processes of Phase Changes – Removing Energy Gas to liquid – condensation Liquid to solid – freezing Plasma to gas – de-ionization

Phases of Matter Temperatures of Phase changes – Solid to liquid – melting point – Liquid to gas – boiling point – Gas to plasma – ionization point

Phases of Matter Temperatures of Phase changes – Plasma to gas – de-ionization point – Gas to liquid – condensation point – Liquid to solid – freezing point

Phases of Matter

Additional processes – There are a few compounds/elements that do not exist as liquids – They are either solids or gases. – Most of these are the natural occurring gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen helium, and hydrogen to name a few.

Phases of Matter These substances do not melt, as you add energy to them, they go through a process called “sublimation”, which begins at a temperature called the “sublimation point”. Also when you remove energy they do not condense when you remove energy from the gas. The process of making a solid from a gas is called “deposition”, which starts at a temperature called the “deposition point”.

Phases of Matter