Biogeographical patterns Do Now What is biogeography? Why do distantly related species in very different places sometimes share similar traits? Study of where organisms live now and where they and their ancestors lived in the past. Biogeographical patterns Closely related species differentiate in slightly different climates. Very distantly related species develop similarities in similar environments.

Homework and Announcements Read/Notes 26.3 and pages 902-903 Typed Lab Report: turnitin.com USA TestPrep

Title: Evidence of Evolution – 16.4 How does the geographic distribution of species today relate to their evolutionary history? How do fossils help to document the descent of modern species from ancient ancestors? What do homologous structures and similarities in embryonic development suggest about the process of evolutionary change? How can molecular biology be used to trace the process of evolution? What does recent research on the Galapagos finches show about natural selection? SWBAT describe evidence of evolution.

Brain Pop – Charles Darwin 4:20

Evidence of Evolution Darwin hypothesized that animals evolved because of natural selection… what is that??

Biogeography Patterns in the distribution of living and fossil species tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors.

Biogeography Alike species with different traits Closely related but different Distantly related but similar Alike species with different traits Different species with same traits (similar environment)

Age of Earth & Fossils Radioactive data shows Earth to be 4.5 billion years old – supporting Darwin’s theory (lots of time for evolution) Recent fossil records are filling the gaps, showing that modern species evolved from extinct ancestors.

Comparing Anatomy & Embryology Evolutionary theory explains the existence of homologous structures adapted to different purposes as the result of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

Comparing Anatomy & Physiology Homologous Analogous Similar structure Similar function

Comparing Anatomy & Embryology Vestigial structures aren’t necessary, but don’t harm the function of the organism and so they remain Example: Appendix!

Comparing Anatomy & Embryology Similar patterns of embryological development provide further evidence that organisms have descended from a common ancestor.

Genetics & Molecular Biology At the molecular level, the universal genetic code and homologous molecules provide evidence of common descent Most of the DNA and RNA used from bacteria to humans is the same. We must have come from a common ancestor!

Genetics & Molecular Biology Homologous proteins are shared from bacteria to humans – how we make insulin from bacteria for our use. Homologous genes exist between flies and humans – these same genes direct our head-to-tail development and limbs

Testing Natural Selection The Grant’s were able to test Darwin’s hypothesis by: Analyze that there was enough heritable variation in the traits for natural selection There were enough differences in beak size and shape to produce differences in fitness

Testing Natural Selection Dry weather = more survival of large beak birds Their data confirmed that competition and environment drive natural selection

Laughter is an adaptation? PBS What makes us Human NOVA Science NOW Evolution of Laughter Aprox: 9 min dvd section

Class Data Chart- Opposable thumb Texting Groups With Thumb Average Time in seconds Without Thumb Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Hi my name is Bob and I like to use my thumbs.

Graphing – Remember TAILS Y X

Independent Work Read/Notes 26.3 and pages 902-903 Typed Lab Report: turnitin.com USA TestPrep