Objective: Students will be able to describe the phases and atomic arrangement of matter Warm Up:Write down as many things as you can think of about Matter.

What is Matter? Matter: A substance that has mass and volume (takes up space).

PHASES OF MATTER Matter on Earth can exist as 4 different phases or states. –Solid –Liquid –Gas –Plasma All living and non-living things are made of matter.

SOLID Has a definite volume and a definite shape. The atoms or molecules in a solid are strongly attracted to one another and tightly packed. Examples: –Rocks –Desk –Apple Microscopic view of a solid.

LIQUID has a definite volume but no definite shape. The atoms or molecules in a liquid are attracted to each other, but not as strongly as those of a solid. They are free to move over and around each other. –Water –Blood –Milk Microscopic view of a liquid.

GAS Has no definite volume and no definite shape. The atoms or molecules of gases have very little attractive force on each other. This causes them to move freely and independently. The atoms or molecules move apart until they’re evenly spaced throughout the container they are placed in. Examples: –Air (mixture of different gases) –Water Vapor (water in a gas form) Microscopic view of a gas.

Phase Properties Phase Particle Properties AtomsEnergyMotionVolumeShape Solid Liquid Gas closelittlevibrationaldefinite closemoderaterotationaldefiniteindefinite far aparta lottranslationalindefinite

Gases, liquids and solids are all made up of microscopic particles, but the behaviors of these particles differ in the three phases. The following figure illustrates the microscopic differences. Microscopic view of a gas.Microscopic view of a liquid.Microscopic view of a solid. Some Characteristics of Gases, Liquids and Solids and the Microscopic Explanation for the Behavior gasliquidsolid assumes the shape and volume of its container particles can move past one another assumes the shape of the part of the container which it occupies particles can move/slide past one another retains a fixed volume and shape rigid - particles locked into place compressible lots of free space between particles not easily compressible little free space between particles flows easily particles can move past one another flows easily particles can move/slide past one another does not flow easily rigid - particles cannot move/slide past one another

Plasma Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma state. Stars are composed of matter in the plasma state. Plasma exists at very high temperatures and pressures. The Sun is matter in this state.

Plasma on Earth On Earth, plasma is found in lightning bolts.