NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO CELLS.

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Presentation transcript:

NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

NOTES – CELL DISCOVERY History of Cells Robert Hooke: uses microscope to look at cork - called the chambers he saw “cells” Anton van Leeuwenhoek: first to find microscopic living organisms

Mattias Schleiden: all plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann: all animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow: all cells come from pre-existing cells

CELL THEORY: 3 parts 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells

2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of living organisms

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

CELL TYPES: 2 basic kinds both kinds have a plasma membrane (outer covering) grouping is based on internal structures called ORGANELLES 1. PROKARYOTES do not have internal organelles – only some DNA, ribosomes floating in cytoplasm – EX: bacteria

2. Eukaryotes has internal organelles surrounded by a membrane EX: typical animal or plant cell Eukaryote Prokaryote

THE PLASMA MEMBRANE Plasma Membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) boundary between the cell and its environment 2 Functions 1. Separate & protect the cell from its environment 2. regulates what enters & leaves the cell the process of maintaining the cells environment is called: HOMEOSTASIS

FLUID MOSAIC MODEL Selective Permeability the membrane allows certain molecules in while keeping other molecules out allows the cell to maintain homeostasis

Cell Membrane Structure Most molecules of the cell membrane are lipids When a phosphate group replaces a fatty acid a PHOSPHOLIPID forms Each phospholipid has a head with 2 tails Head – attracts water Tail – repels water

membrane is called a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

phosphate + lipid keeps water out & in only certain molecules are allowed in or out

The CELL WALL is the outer boundary of a plant cell the cell wall is outside the cell membrane in plants FUNCTIONS: support & protection stiff/rigid structure

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