Read pages

Read page

All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms. The six kingdoms are: 1. Eubacteria (Monera) 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia 2. Archaebacteria (Monera)

Until recently (1996) bacteria and archaebacteria were together in the kingdom Monera. Because of discoveries over the last 20 years scientists have decided that they are so different that they should have their own kingdom. Archaebacteria Eubacteria p. 411

Each Kingdom has a set of characteristics that bind the organisms in that group together. These characteristics are not ‘rules’ but more like guidelines. Page 412

Eubacteria Cell Structure: Prokaryotic (small and simple) cells No nucleus (brain of the cell) No organelles (tiny organs of the cell) Single-celled – only 1 cell big / unicellular Size: Microscopic

Environments: Found in most common environments – water, soil, mouth … FYI: one of the oldest and most successful groups of organisms on earth Nutrients: Most bacteria cannot make their own food and therefore must live in or on other organisms Eubacteria Bacteria Video (5:00) Useful bacterium. Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, which turns milk into yogurt, can be useful to humans.

Cell Structure: Prokaryotic cells No nucleus No organelles Single celled Size: Microscopic Archaebacteria

Environments: Usually found ‘extreme’ environments Such as highly acid lakes, the bottom of the ocean, in ice flows, or in boiling hot mud or water Archaebacteria Colony of the Archaebacterium Methanosarcina mazei. These primitive archaebacteria have unusual cell walls and membranes and are methane producers.

Halferax volcanii - salt loving, live in Dead Sea & Great Salt Lake 150/proceuc/proceuc.htm

PSYCHROPHILESPSYCHROPHILES... Polaromonas vacuolata - cold loving - live in Antarctic seas

FYI: one of the oldest and most successful groups of organisms on earth Nutrients: Most archaebacteria have to digest chemicals not useable (toxic) by other organisms Archaebacteria

Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Has a nucleus Has organelles Often multi-cellular but sometimes single celled Size: Microscopic/ Macroscopic Protists p. 459 Read pages

Environments: Found in most common ponds, lakes environments. FYI: This is the ‘catch all’ kingdom. If an organism does not fit into another kingdom it often winds up here. Nutrients: Many protists make their own food, but some cannot. Protists

Fungi p.481 Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Has a nucleus Has organelles Multi-cellular Size: Microscopic & Macroscopic Video: Video: Protists and Fungi Video: Protists and Fungi (20)

Environments: Found in most moist and warm areas, often near dead material FYI: Used to be classified with plants but now we know they are different enough to have their own kingdom. Nutrients: Cannot make their own food so fungi must live on or in living or dead organisms – athlete’s foot, ring worm, diaper rash Fungi

Plantae p. 501 Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Has a nucleus Has organelles Multi-cellular Has a large vacuole Has a cell wall Size: Macroscopic

Environments: Found in most areas where freshwater and sunlight can be found Plantae Nutrients: Are able to make their own food by harnessing energy from the sun

Plantae FYI: Many organisms depend on plants because they have the ability to make food using the energy from the sun = photosynthesis Video: (18 min) Kingdom of Plants

Animalia p. 593 Cell Structure: Eukaryotic cells Has a nucleus Has organelles – mitochondria, ER, lysosomes Multi-cellular Size: Macroscopic

Environments: Found in most areas where they can find other organisms to eat. Animalia

FYI: Most animals have some sort of nervous system and the majority of animal species live in oceans. Nutrients: Cannot make their own food so animals must eat plants, hunt, filter feed, or scavenge for food. Animalia VIDEO: (20 min.) The World of Animals

A New Zealand fisherman kneels next to a giant squid believed to have been caught in early February 2007 in Antarctica's Ross Sea. The giant squid, known as a colossal squid (scientific name Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni) and thought to be the largest squid ever found anywhere in the world, weighed an estimated 990 pounds, 330 pounds heavier than the next biggest specimen ever found. (New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries/AP Photo