____ Chapter 49 ~ Sensory and Motor Mechanisms ( Just focusing on motor mechanisms ) Motor Mechanisms.

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Presentation transcript:

____ Chapter 49 ~ Sensory and Motor Mechanisms ( Just focusing on motor mechanisms ) Motor Mechanisms

Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Contract/relax: antagonistic pairs w/skeleton Muscles: bundle of….  Muscle fibers: single cell w/ many nuclei consisting of…. Myofibrils: longitudinal bundles composed of….  Myofilaments:  Thin~ 2 strands of actin protein and one strand of a regulatory protein  Thick~ staggerd arrays of myosin protein

Vertebrate Skeletal Muscle Sarcomere: repeating unit of muscle tissue, composed of…. Z lines~ sarcomere border I band~ only actin protein A band~ actin & myosin protein overlap H zone~ central sarcomere; only myosin

Sliding-filament model Theory of muscle contraction Sarcomere length reduced Z line length becomes shorter Actin and myosin slide past each other (overlap increases)

Actin-myosin interaction 1- Myosin head hydrolyzes ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi); termed the “high energy configuration” 2- Myosin head binds to actin; termed a “cross bridge” 3- Releasing ADP and (Pi), myosin relaxes sliding actin; “low energy configuration” 4- Binding of new ATP releases myosin head Creatine phosphate~ supplier of phosphate to ADP

Muscle contraction regulation, I Relaxation: tropomyosin blocks myosin binding sites on actin Contraction: calcium binds to toponin complex; tropomyosin changes shape, exposing myosin binding sites

Muscle contraction regulation, II Calcium (Ca+)~ concentration regulated by the…. Sarcoplasmic reticulum~ a specialized endoplasmic reticulum Stimulated by action potential in a motor neuron T (transverse) tubules~ travel channels in plasma membrane for action potential Ca+ then binds to troponin

Materials Muscle model/chicken wing The following is needed for each student: 4 red/black licorice strands (the thick twisted type) 10 red licorice strands (the thin type) a paper towel; toothpicks one raw chicken wing one dissection tray; dissection tools, gloves.

Muscle cell simulation: contraction/relaxation Procedure: Two thin pieces of licorice intertwined to represent thin actin filaments Thick licorice to represent thick myosin fibers Toothpicks represent the Z lines where thin filaments attach