Figure Ball-and-socket joint Head of humerus Scapula Hinge joint Humerus Ulna Radius Pivot joint

Muscle Bundle of muscle fibers Nuclei Single muscle fiber (cell) Plasma membrane Myofibril Z lines Sarcomere Figure 50.26a

Z lines Sarcomere TEM 0.5  m Z line M line Sarcomere Z line Thick filaments (myosin) Thin filaments (actin) Figure 50.26b

Figure 50.30a Synaptic terminal Axon of motor neuron T tubule Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Myofibril Plasma membrane of muscle fiber Sarcomere Ca 2  released from SR Mitochondrion

Figure Tropomyosin Actin Troponin complex Ca 2  -binding sites (a) Myosin-binding sites blocked Ca 2  Myosin- binding site (b) Myosin-binding sites exposed

Thin filament Myosin head (low- energy configuration) ATP Thick filament Myosin- binding sites Actin High-energy configuration ATP ADP P i ADP Cross-bridge Low-energy configuration Thin filament moves toward center of sarcomere. P i ADP Figure 50.28a-5

Figure Spinal cord Motor unit 1 Motor unit 2 Synaptic terminals Nerve Motor neuron cell body Motor neuron axon Muscle Tendon Muscle fibers

2 Synaptic terminal of motor neuron Synaptic cleft T tubule Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Plasma membrane ACh Ca 2  pump Ca 2  CYTOSOL ATP Figure 50.30b

Figure Tetanus Summation of two twitches Single twitch Action potential Pair of action potentials Series of action potentials at high frequency Time Tension