PROGRESS OF THE PROJECTS National Food Security Mission Supported by National Food Security Mission of India Review Meeting New Delhi September 2, 2011 Kb Saxena ICRISAT

Short Title Duration Partners Area 2007 -12 Promotion of hybrid p’pea 2007 -12 ICRISAT, GAU,MAU,PKV, ARS Gulbarga AP, Mah, MP, Guj, Kar, Jhar Host –plant resistance for Helicoverpa ICRISAT, ARS- Gulbarga AP , Kar Heat tolerance in chickpea 2009 -13 ICRISAT, IIPR, PU, JNKVV AP, UP, Puj, MP Chickpea in rice-fallows 2008 -12 ICRISAT, JNKVV, IGKVV Raipur, Jabalpur Water-logging resistance in pigeonpea 2010 - 14 ICRISAT,IIPR, PAU,HAU, IARI JNKVV,BHU MP, UP, AP, Har, Punj, Delhi

Taking Pigeonpea Hybrids Project # 1 Taking Pigeonpea Hybrids to the Doorsteps of Farmers

Highlights of Hybrid Project Hybrid pigeonpea technology developed, tested , and transferred to ICAR and seed companies Hybrids performed very well in pure and intercrop High yielding hybrids with 28-60% advantage in farmers’ fields identified Hybrid ICPH 2671 released in Madhya Pradesh Hybrid ICPH 2740 performing well in Mah,Kar,AP Under good management some hybrids yielded > 5000 kg/ha

Hybrid seed production areas identified Achievements ….Contd On-farm validation of ICPH 2671, 2740 completed in AP, Mah, Kar, Jharkhand, and MP Early maturing and white seeded hybrids are now available BEST FARMER AWARD received by a farmer in AP for harvesting @ 3250 kg/ha yield and profit @85000/ha Hybrid seed production areas identified MP -- Jabalpur, Indore, Rewa, Katni, Seoni, Tikamgarh AP ---- Warangal, Medak, Nizamabad, Nalgonda Kar -- Bellary

“2009 Best Farmer Award” for a bumper crop of ICPH 2671 in Andhra Pradesh

Constraints Identified Need more cooperation from Govt seed agencies Seed production standards required Seed production in farmers’ fields need close monitoring Appropriate agronomy should be followed Increased emphasis on parent seed production with quality control

Project # 2 Exploiting Host Plant Resistance in Grain Legumes for Helicoverpa Management Under Rainfed Conditions in India

Objectives Identification of chickpea and pigeonpea lines with resistance to Helicoverpa. Study effect of Helicoverpa-tolerant cultivars on ETLs, reduction in pesticide use, and their interaction with bio-control agents. Study effectiveness of Helicoverpa-tolerant lines in IPM and sustainable crop production Technology exchange and capacity building

Chickpea Six lines were found to have less Helicoverpa damage with rating of <5.0 as compared to 9 in control . Selected lines produced > 1,000 kg/ ha yield under unprotected conditions. In an international screening nursery ICC 14364, ICC 14872, ICCL 86111, ICCV 10, ICC 506 EB, ICCV 09104, and ICCV 09118 exhibited moderate levels of resistance across locations. In OFTs the yield of ICCV 07105 (1921 kg/ ha) and ICCV 07106 (1738 kg/ha) was significantly greater than control JG 11 (1185 kg/ha).

Performance of Helicoverpa-tolerant lines in OFTs Pigeonpea ICPL 20058 (933 kg/ ha), ICPHaRL 4985-4 (1081 kg/ha), ICPHaRL 4989-7 (760 kg/ha), yielded more than control ICP 8863 (444 kg/ ha).  In Tandur (A P), yields of ICPL 332 WR ranged from 812 to 1250 kg/ ha, and that of Maruti from 788 to 1076 kg/ha. Most farmers reported a better control and less insecticide use in ICPL 332 WR than that of control. Varieties with tolerance to pod borer gave more yield in combination with insecticide protection than the susceptible cultivars. Performance of Helicoverpa-tolerant lines in OFTs

Helicoverpa-resistant variety ICPL 332WR – in farmers’ fields

Project 3 Improving heat tolerance in chickpea for warm growing conditions

Increasing incidence of heat stress in C’pea Increasing area under late sown conditions Fluctuations and increase in temperatures due to climate change Large shift in chickpea area from northern India to Southern India

Field screening for heat tolerance at Patancheru Reproductive phase Reproductive phase Crop season Summer season

Large genetic variation for heat tolerance in chickpea Sensitive Tolerant

Heat Tolerant Suceptible

Research progress Several heat tolerant germplasm and breeding lines identified Pollen viability was the key trait for sensitivity. Molecular mapping of heat tolerance genes is in progress. Segregating populations developed for developing heat tolerant cultivars Tolerant Sensitive

Release of heat tolerant variety Heat tolerant ICCV 92944 released as “JG 14” in MP for late sown conditions

Chickpea in Rice fallow Project # 4

Area (m ha)under rice fallow State Kharif rice Rabi fallow MP + Chhattisgarh 5.60 4.38* Bihar + Jharkhand 5.97 2.20* West Bengal 4.62 1.72 Orissa 3.88 1.22 Maharashtra 1.76 0.63 Assam 2.23 0.54 UP 6.26 0.35 AP 2.66 0.31 Total 40.18 11.65 Source: Subbarao et al. (2001)

Goal To increase production and productivity of C’Pea Approach To bridge yield gap using improved technologies Focus Districts with high potential but low productivity Project Sites Chhattisgarh: Durg, Raipur, Rajnandgaon, Kwarda M P: Jabalpur, Damoh, Rewa, Satna

The Technology Constraints Technologies Seed ………….. : Improved varieties Crop establishment …… : Zero tillage machines Diseases ……….. : Wilt resistance Pod borer ………. : IPM responsive Fertilizer………… : DAP Micronutrients………….. : Zn, B, Mb Herbicide……….. : Pendamethaline Transfer of technology….. : Empowerment Seed systems………. : VLSS

Highlights IPPPT, VLSS, Capacity building Year Obj-1: IPPPT Demos (No.) Obj-2: VLSS (tons) Obj-3: CB (Farmers No.) 2008-09 592 60.15 398 2009-10 1219 144.19 2455 2010-11 2039 206.32 2557 Total 3850 410.66 5410 Objective 1: Demonstrations, Objective 2: Village level seed system Objective 3: Capacity Building / Training

Backstop Research- Problems Faced Highlights Backstop Research- Problems Faced 1. Mechanization and crop establishment ? Indira seed-fertilizer drill – Limited success National seed-fertilizer drill – R&D for modification 2. Plant Mortality Complex ? Weather and sequential occurrence of wilt & Dry root rot Analysis of historical weather and disease data Identified moderate resistance to wilt & Dry root rot

The Demonstrations Over 3800 demonstrations conducted in 8 villages during 2008-09 to 2009-10

Selection and utilization of water-logging tolerant Project # 5 Selection and utilization of water-logging tolerant cultivars in pigeonpea

Water-logging Scenario in India (Agropedia-pigeonpea, 2009) 3.93 m ha grown with p’pea 1.0 m ha of affected 20-25% yield losses/year Annual losses Rs 12-14 Crores

Objectives Identification of water logging & salinity tolerant lines Transfer of water-logging tolerance in local cvs On-Farm validation of water-logging tolerance Generate and share information and materials

Rainfall (mm) Stages sensitive to WL Year, 2010

Materials selected 107*/496 Survival 49*/107 Survival 18*/49 Seed 192 h submergence (lab) 107*/496 Early seeding (15 DAG, pots) 21 DAY SUBMERGENCE Survival 49*/107 therefore we find out that evaluation for Wat seed stage after 192 h of submergence I wanted a screening methadology which could able to screen large number of genotype at minimum time and using minimum resources. I optimized Screening technology according to sensitive stages. That at seed stage 192 h of submergence treatment could clear cut classify the tolerant and susceptible one. While at early seedling stage 21 days of submergence treatment would be enough to demarcate tolerant from susceptible one. And at field level 8 days flooding would be enough to categorized the genotypes into the tolerant and susceptible catogory. The evaluation has been made at seed stage on the basis of survival rate, at seedling stage on the basis of early plant vigor and survival rate. While at field level evaluation will be done on the basis of final yield. After optimization of the screening methodology the following conditions have allowed to properly discriminate between tolerant and susceptible lines. Late seedling (35 DAG, field) 8 DAY FLOODING Survival 18*/49

WL Tolerant varieties and hybrids identified ICPH 2740 Asha

Trait associated with tolerance Lenticels and adventitious roots In general lenti-cells production takes three weeks time but under this project, will try to identify genotypes which can give lenticel in one week

*Selection in a puddled rice field*

Evaluation in on-station trial, 2011

SUMMARY Significant progress has been made in all the NFSM supported projects Hybrid tech established, HY hybrids developed, tech transferred, one hybrid released Helicoverpa tol lines identified, testing in progress Yield potential of CP in rice fallows demonstrated Heat tolerant lines identified and used in breeding Water-logging tolerant genotypes identified; further testing in progress Capacity building was given importance in projects

in research and development of The Project Partners thank NFSM for their valuable support in research and development of pulses