Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management Linking Ecosystem-Based Management Goals with Ecosystem Research.

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Presentation transcript:

Ecosystem Considerations in Fisheries Management Linking Ecosystem-Based Management Goals with Ecosystem Research

New Since September –Updated 27 contributions –Noted last update on all contributions –Website: Will be updated Will be on internet by the end of Nov. Full report and Individual contributions Data

Organization Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Status Indicators Ecosystem-Based Mngt Indices

Mean Residual Depth <50 OCEAN - GOA Bottom Temperatures (Martin)

OCEAN - Bering Sea Temperature (Lauth)

HABITAT- Effects of fishing on seafloor habitat (Heifetz et al.) Project Title Project Description LocationSpecies Investigated Habitat Investigated Application to Mngt Field/Lab Study Contact Submer- sible eval. of E. GOA corals Determine distribution of Primnoa coral at pending and potential HAPC sites and study coral habitat ecology. Eastern Gulf of Alaska Corals, sponges, associated FMP species Hard-bottom coral HAPC delineation, defining EFH, evaluation of gear impacts FieldBob Stone (ABL)

GOA Western Central Eastern EBS CPUE (kg/km 2 ) FORAGE- Eulachon (Martin, Lauth)

HERRING- PWS (Moffitt)

GROUNDFISH- EBS Winter spawning flatfish (Ingraham and Wilderbuer )

BENTHIC- ADFG GOA Large-mesh survey (Urban)

BENTHIC- EBS Crabs (Otto)

GOA Western Central Eastern EBS CPUE (kg/km 2 ) MISCELLANEOUS Jellyfish (Martin, Lauth) , , , , Biomass (t)

Biomass (1,000's of metric tons) Giant Pacific Popeye 2004 Bering Sea Trawl Survey Depth stratum (m) 2005 Gulf of Alaska Trawl Survey Highest catch weight for GOA non-target species Potentially sensitive life history (live yrs) Small exploratory giant grenadier fishery effort in 2005 Potential fishery value for less common, deeper sp. Important component of deep sea ecosystem (?) MISCELLANEOUS - Grenadiers (Clausen and Gaichas)

Percent Pre-anal Fin Length (cm) EBS Grenadier population size composition (longline surveys)

Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Area closures (Coon)

Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Hook and Line effort (Coon)

Observed Bottom Trawl duration (24 hour days) GOA AI BS Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Bottom trawl effort (Coon)

Ecosystem Mngt Info. – Bottom trawl effort anomalies (Coon)

Executive Summary CLIMATE –North Pacific in uncertain state –BS continues to warm, less sea ice and earlier retreat –GOA bottom temps in shallow areas continue to increase BIOLOGY –BS summer zooplankton biomass: low –BS jellyfish biomass: low –Warming trend may affect flatfish distribution –Climate change may affect GOA community –Most seabirds show no discernable population trend –2002 seabird breeding chronology was early –2004 N. fur seal pups born continued to decline –2004 non-pup Steller sea lion counts increased in most areas –ASP in BS and GOA decreased from FISHERY EFFECTS –2003 and 2004 increases in herring and other salmon bycatch –2003 seabird bycatch rate increased

October Council Meetings –Presented to SSC, AP, and Council –SSC Comments: Commend all contributors Label when contributions were updated Further development of executive summary Link stock assessment results with updates to the ecosystem assessment and Incorporate climate information into stock assessments and the ecosystem assessment.

Next Year –One full update; one partial update –Update website

Slides from Sept 2005 presentations

Website: Geoff Lang

Website Updates Data and contributions last updated in spring Next update: late fall, after final draft Internet in fall

Organization Ecosystem Assessment Ecosystem Status Indicators Ecosystem-Based Mngt Indices

Objectives for Ecosystem Protection:  Maintain predator-prey relationships  pelagic forage availability  spatial/temporal conc. of fishery impact on forage fish  removals of top predators  introduction of non-native species  Maintain diversity  species diversity  functional (trophic, structural habitat) diversity  genetic diversity  Maintain energy flow and balance  human-induced energy redirection  system impacts attributable to energy removal CLIMATE and FISHING

CLIMATE (Rodionov et al.)

SLP SST SLP SST SLP (Rodionov et al.)

CLIMATE 500 hPa height- anomaly (Rodionov et al.)

OCEAN – North Pacific (Rodionov et al.)

OCEAN - Bering Sea Temperature (Rodionov et al.)

OCEAN - Bering Sea Ice (Rodionov et al.) S t d D a y s a f t e r M a r c h 1 5 a) Ice cover index b) Ice retreat index

OCEAN - Bering Sea (Eisner et al.)

BIOLOGY -Bering Sea (Napp and Shiga)

0 50, , , , , , , , Biomass (t) BIOLOGY -Bering Sea Jellyfish (Walters)

Arrowtooth flounder Pacific halibut Southern rocksole Northern rocksole Northern lampfish Biological Response to Climate –Ichthyoplankton (Doyle et al.)

Jellyfish ATF Pollock FHS Sculpins Red K.crab P. sandfish Sidestr. shrimp Humpy shrimp Coonstr. shrimp Capelin N. pink shrimp Spearman r Biological Response to Climate- GOA Small Mesh Survey (Litzow)

POLLOCK COD GT ATF ROCK SOLE NORTHERNS YFS FH SOLE POP AI ATKA /77 shift 1988/89 shift Other shift AK PLAICE R/S Anomalies B.Sea Biological Response to Climate

Biological Response to Climate Flatfish Distribution- (Spencer)

ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS – Combined Std. Indices of Recruitment and Survival (Mueter)

ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS – Species richness and diversity (Mueter) GOA BSAI

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT – ASP (Mueter)

BIOLOGY – Marine Mammals (Sinclair and Testa) Steller Sea Lions – Non-pup counts

BIOLOGY – Seabirds (Fitzgerald et al.) Seabird Breeding Chronology >3days earlier than average =within 3days of average >3 days later than average Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK Seabird Population Trends Negative trend No discernable trend Positive trend Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK Seabird Productivity Levels >20% below average Within 20% of average >20% above average Frequency N.BS/Chuk. SE BS SW BS GOA SEAK

BSAI Fishing Effort (in 1,000's of hooks) GOA 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60, Bycatch Rate (per 1,000 hooks) 0 50, , , , , , EffortBycatch Rate ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Seabird Bycatch (Fitzgerald et al.)

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Prohibited Catch (Hiatt and Terry) No. of crab (1000s) BAIRDI CRAB OTHER TANNER CRAB No. fish (1000s) CHINOOK SALMON OTHER SALMON No. of crab (1000s) RED KING CRAB OTHER KING CRAB Metric tons HALIBUT MORTALITY HERRING BYCATCH

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Discards (Hiatt and Terry)

ECOSYSTEM-BASED MNGT Fleet Composition (Felthoven and Gharrett) TrawlPot Number of vessels Hook and LineAll Vessels

Executive Summary CLIMATE –North Pacific in uncertain state –BS continues to warm, less sea ice and earlier retreat BIOLOGY –BS summer zooplankton biomass: low –BS jellyfish biomass: low –Warming trend may affect flatfish distribution –Climate change may affect GOA community –Most seabirds show no discernable population trend –2002 seabird breeding chronology was early –2004 N. fur seal pups born continued to decline –2004 non-pup Steller sea lion counts increased in most areas –ASP in BS and GOA decreased from FISHERY EFFECTS –2003 and 2004 increases in herring and other salmon bycatch –2003 seabird bycatch rate increased

DATA GAPS & RESEARCH NEEDS Lower trophic levels – indicators of bottom- up effects of climate Introduction of non-native species Spatial and temporal concentration of fishing removals Species-level catch estimates for some nontarget species (eg. eelpouts)

FUTURE Timing of Ecosystem Considerations Include model projections in assessment including climate scenarios and suites mngt. alternatives Bring lower trophic level models into assessment

Contributors Paul J. Anderson, Kerim Aydin, Shannon Bartkiw, Harold P. Batchelder, Jennifer Boldt, N. Bond, Eric Brown, Alexander S. Bychkov, David Carlile, Amy R. Childers, David M. Clausen, Cathy Coon, Dean Courtney, William R. Crawford, C. Braxton Dew, Miriam Doyle, Don Dragoo, Sherri Dressel, Doug Eggers, Lisa Eisner, Lowell Fair, Ed Farley, Ron Felthoven, Shannon Fitzgerald, Jeffrey Fujioka, Sarah Gaichas, Jessica Gharrett, John J. Goering, Gary Greene, C.E. Grosch, Steven Hare, Patricia Harris, Kyle Hebert, Jon Heifetz, Jack Helle, Terry Hiatt, Nicola Hillgruber, Gerald R. Hoff, Anne B. Hollowed, James Ianelli, Jim Ingraham, Jesús Jurado-Molina, Suam Kim, Jacquelynne R. King, Tom Kline, K V. Koski, Kathy Kuletz, Carol Ladd, Victor Lapko, Bob Lauth, Heather Lazrus, Mike Litzow, Patricia Livingston, Mitch Lorenz, Alec D. MacCall, David L. Mackas, S. Allen Macklin, Nathan Mantua, Michael Martin, Robert A. McConnaughey, Scott McEntire, Gordon A. McFarlane, Skip McKinnel, Angela Middleton, Kathryn Mier, Steve Moffitt, Franz Mueter, Jim Murphy, Jeff Napp, Ivonne Ortiz, Bob Otto, James E. Overland, Julie Pearce, Mike Perez, R. Ian Perry, Susan Picquelle, Jeffery J. Polovina, Marc Pritchett, Jennifer Reynolds, TaeKeun Rho, D. Righi, Kim Rivera, S. Rodionov, Chris Rooper, T.C. Royer, S. Salo, N. Sarkar, Jake Schweigert, Franklin B. Schwing, Naonobu Shiga, Kalei Shotwell, E. Sinclair, Paul Spencer, Mick Spillane, Phyllis Stabeno, Dean A. Stockwell, Robert Stone, Allan W. Stoner, Stephen Syrjala, Qi-Sheng Tang, Joe Terry, J.W. Testa, Jack Turnock, Dan Urban,Gary Walters, Fred West, Terry E. Whitledge, Tom Wilderbuer, Doug Woodby, Akihiko Yatsu, Cynthia Yeung, Harold Zenger, Jin-Ping Zhao, Jie Zheng, and Mark Zimmermann.