National University of Sciences & Technology Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Pakistan INDIA CHINA AFGHANISTAN IRAN ARABIAN SEA Abdus Salam Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Overview Developed & Developing countries Essentials for national development National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST) Research at NUST Research Performance Analysis Conclusion Recommendation Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

A “Developed Country” (not necessarily a rich one) has gone, sometime in its past history, through the cycle: improvements to its population’s level of education improvements to its population’s level of education progress in (and application of) science & technology progress in (and application of) science & technology deployment of its own (and other’s) natural resources deployment of its own (and other’s) natural resources wealth generation through manufacture or services wealth generation through manufacture or services improvement to infrastructure (of education, industry, energy supply, services, communications…) improvement to infrastructure (of education, industry, energy supply, services, communications…) leading to competitivity and productivity, better social conditions and higher standard of living “Developed Countries” Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

A “Developing Country” (not necessarily a poor country) is in the process of deploying: - its human resources (educated people) - its natural resources (prospecting, exploiting and transforming into higher-value items), and - its infrastructure (of education, health, industry, transport & communications, water & energy supply, environmental, etc) in order to make its economy more efficient and competitive “Developing Countries” Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Talented people are born anywhere in the world they are not a privilege of developed countries! Talented people without education, however, will remain talented but uneducated people! Talented, but uneducated people: will not contribute much to their country’s development will not contribute much to their country’s development some of them will even use their talents in a detrimental way some of them will even use their talents in a detrimental way Human Resources: Talented and Educated People Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Educated, not just Talented People Maxwell, Thomson, Rutherford, Curie, Fermi, Dirac, Einstein (physics), Watson, Crick (biology), Mendeleev, Pauling (chemistry), Fleming, Pasteur (medicine)….have dramatically changed our world through their research followed by its technological applications All these scientists were not just talented, they were found to be talented as they were educated! Therefore, without education their talents would have been lost for the progress of mankind! Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Natural Resources & Infrastructure Educated people are a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the development of a country: It is only with educated people that a country can develop its natural resources and infrastructure, hence its industry A country’s wealth thus depends on its educated people producing items or a providing service - commerce or just selling natural resources does not produce wealth Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Best Capital Investment Country = Talented and Educated People Japan is a striking example: it was a poor island nation with few natural resources and bad infrastructure (as well as closed ports until the late 19 th century) - but Japan always had a strong tradition for good education. Some 30 years after its “opening to the World” Japan’s navy destroyed the Russian fleet at Tsushima. One generation later later, and (like Germany) following its total destruction, Japan (with less inhabitants than Pakistan) succeeded to rebuild its country to become the second most powerful economy on the globe When Japan “opened up ” in about 1880, it began to complement the education of its most talented people by sending them to study in “developed countries”. Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

Need of a Modern Infrastructure An obsolete or decrepit infrastructure in universities, institutes or hospitals, inadequate equipment, poor communication networks, and to a certain degree also low salaries etc. cause the best scientists to migrate to better equipped countries whilst the other scientists “stay at home” Next to the need for educated people, a country needs modern and competitive infrastructure and proper tools as the working environment --> A very negative “Darwinistic process” A very negative “Darwinistic process” <-- Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

The “Negative” Development Aid A “Developing Country” with a poor infrastructure (in particular in the area of science, research and education) is often providing, “free of charge”, its most talented people (who’s education it paid from its scarce resources) to Developed Countries Therefore, investments in education are wasted if no investments are also made in the science, research and education infrastructure (+ salaries) Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

Science cannot progress in Isolation However, science has become rather complex, and only very few scientists can make any progress in isolation: “to limit the community of scientists to a small group leads to common spiritual poverty” (A. Einstein) Most scientists in isolation will soon cease to be scientists - as such they will no longer be able to educate younger talents, and their “knowledge” will eventually have become obsolete. This was recognized by Abdus Salam, and others when they promoted institutions like the ICTP, ……. Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

Help scientists from Developing Countries to work “at home” Governments should therefore make their best effort to provide opportunities to its scientists to work in their home country, and make it also attractive for them work there. Governments should also provide good communications with the rest of the world In developing countries this action is required by governments, as industry in developing countries is usually not so much interested to make large investments in science unless the outcome promises substantial financial returns Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

International Basic Science Collaborations At the same time, scientists must be also able to collaborate with their colleagues from other countries - as otherwise they would soon be “out of touch”, i.e. they would become much less useful (or quite useless) for the development of their own country… and there are plenty of opportunities for international basic science collaborations (CERN, FNAL, ICTP, GENOME etc which are a good training ground - or an opportunity to make a major contribution to mankind Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

2003 Iran Afghanistan India China SDH/PDH (525/622 Mb/s) backbone being upgraded to DWDM 10 Gb/s Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

Digital Divide in Pakistan Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Islamabad: International Islamic University Quaid-e-Azam University Pakistan Institute of Engg. & Applied Sciences Nilore Lahore: Punjab University UET LUMS Faisalabad: Agriculture University Rawalpindi: HQ NUST MCS, NUST EME, NUST NIIT, NUST FJWU Mirpur: AJKU Multan: Bahauddin Zakaria University Bahawalpur: Islamia University Khairpur: Shah Abdul Latif University Taxila: UET Peshawar: University of Peshawar UET Karachi: NED Univ. of Karachi PNEC Quetta: Univ. of Baluchistan Jamshoro: Mehran University Khuzdar: Baluchistan Univ. of Engg. & Tech Risalpur: CAE Topi: GIKI D I Khan: Gomal University Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

Existing Problems Lack of good quality faculty Lack of scientific research resources and culture Poor ICT infrastructure within universities Poor library infrastructure Pockets of excellence in Research Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Case Study Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

National University of Sciences & Technology Arshad Ali NUST Pakistan Oct 03

BACKGROUND NUST Established 1991 NUST Awarded Charter 1993 Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

BASED ON DECENTRALIZED MULTI-CAMPUS CONCEPT Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION 1. College Of Civil Engineering Risalpur Civil Engineering 2. College of Telecomm Rawalpindi Telecomm Engg Computer Software Engg Cryptology/ Information Security 3. College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Rawalpindi Electrical Engg Mechanical Engg Computer Engg Mechatronics Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION 4.College of Marine Engineering Karachi Electrical & Electronics Engg Mechanical Engg 5.College of Aeronautical Engineering Risalpur Aerospace Engg Avionics Engg 6. College of Medicine Rawalpindi Medicine Surgery Dentistry Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

COLLEGE/INSTITUTE SPECIALIZATION 7. National Institute of Transportation Risalpur Geotechnical Engg Structural Engg Transportation Engg 8. Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Rawalpindi Environmental Engg 9. NUST Institute of Management Sciences Rawalpindi Technology Management International Business and Marketing Finance and Investment 10. NUST Institute of Information Technology Rawalpindi Object Oriented Technologies Network Technologies Databases E-Commerce

An Institute with a PROGRESSIVE Vision

PROGRAMS OFFERED Post Graduate Programs PhD MIT Under Graduate Programs BIT BICSE Professional Courses Contd. Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

 Dec 2000: CERN scientists visited NUST (Hafeez Hoorani, Ian Willers, Richard McClatchey)  Feb 2001: WISDOM II Project started at NUST with CERN and University of West England (UWE) UK  April 2001: Monalisa module development started with Caltech (Iosif Legrand) NUST-CERN Collaboration Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

GRID Research Group at NUST Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Collaboration Projects Little Monalisa and Development for MonaLisa Auto-topology Discovery Module -- Caltech, USA IP Network Topology Discovery-- Caltech, USA Grid Enabled Analysis Application for Handheld Devices --Caltech, USA Java Based Claren Server for Physics Analysis -- Caltech, USA Data Warehousing Services for Grid -- Caltech, USA Establishment of CMS Production Centre and LCG Grid deployment -- CMS CERN Integration of Agents and Web Services in Semantic Grid --Comtec Japan FIPA Compliant Multi Agent System -- Comtec Japan Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Grid analysis demo by Caltech, CERN, KEK (Japan), Sinica (Taiwan), NUST (Pakistan), UERJ (Rio de Janeiro), PUB (Bucharest). Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Performance Measures  Need to look at measures of research group success to assess potential  No of Research Students (MS/PhD Completed)  Research Funding  Research Papers Published Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Research Team Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Caltech (39000) European Commission (468110) UWE (108000) Korean Univ (388800) CERN (115800) Research Funding in USD Total: 1.69 Mil USD Ms/PhD funding Students visits Lab equipment CERN fellowship PC-1 Govt of Pakistan Pakistan (18750) Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Research Papers YearsInternational Publications Internal Papers & Report Total721 Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Current Status Six students undergoing PhD studies (UWE, CERN, KOREA) as continuation of their initial CERN related research conducted at NUST Nine students benefited from visits to CERN Rich research culture has been established at NUST The knowledge gained is being applied in developing a PTCL network monitoring application for real time performance monitoring, fault reporting and congestion control A Grid enabled knowledge management system being developed at NUST for Medical Applications Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Conclusion Knowledge is expanding at an exponential rate Important to address the digital divide in an aggressive manner Failure will threaten peace and development to the humanity Scientific collaborations can play key role in bridging the digital divide Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

Recommendation Developed countries scientists shall identify and form research collaboration partnership of mutual interest in developing countries ICTP or similar organization can keep the record of retiring Profs from developed countries, willing to spend some time with academic institutions in developing countries Help/support in building academic strength is much more beneficial than pledging money by international organizations World Bank/UN shall ensure that a good percentage of the loan / donation is spent on education by the developing countries Arshad Ali, NUST, Pakistan Oct 03

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