SCH4U Spring 2012

Aldehydes (suffix: -al)  Contain a formyl group (-CHO)  Contains a carbonyl group (-C=O)  Always found at the end of a hydrocarbon chain

Naming Aldehydes  Identify the root  Locate the longest chain that includes the formyl group  Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent alkane to get the root)  Identify the suffix  Identify the prefix  Number the main carbon chain (the carbon atom is the formyl group is always carbon atom 1)  Name and give the position of any alkyl side groups  Name the compound  There are no spaces between the prefix, root and suffix

Questions  Name each aldehyde:

Questions  Draw the condensed structural formula for each aldehyde:  3-methylbutanal  2-methylpropanal  Draw the line structural formula for each aldehyde:  2-chloroethanal  4,4-diethylhexanal

Ketones (suffix: -one)  Contain a carbonyl group (-C=O)  The carbon atom in the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms or carbon chains  They may be either the same or different from each other  Have at least three carbon atoms

Naming Ketones  Identify the root  Locate the longest chain that includes the carbonyl carbon atom  Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent alkane to get the root)  Identify the suffix  Start numbering at the end of the carbon chain that is the closest to the carbonyl carbon atom  Determine the number of the carbonyl carbon atom  Identify the prefix  Name and number any alkyl side groups  Name the compound

Questions  Name each ketone:

Questions  Draw the condensed structural formula for each ketone:  Propanone  3-ethylhexan-2-one  Draw the line structural formula for each ketone:  4,4-diethylhexane-2,3-dione  3-methylpentan-2-one