Chapter 2 Sociological Research Methods Why is Sociological Research Necessary? The Sociological Research Process Research Methods Ethical Issues in Sociological Research

Theory and Research Cycle: Deductive Approach Research begins with a theory: Theories generate hypothesis Hypothesis leads to observations. Observations lead to the formation of generalizations. Generalizations support the theory.

Theory and Research Cycle: Inductive Approach Research begins with data: Observations suggest generalizations. Generalizations produce a tentative theory. Theory is tested through formation of a hypothesis. Hypothesis may provide suggestions for additional observations.

Conventional Research Model Select and define the research problem. Review previous research. Formulate the hypothesis. Develop the research design. Collect and analyze the data. Draw conclusions and report the findings.

Qualitative Research Model Research begins with a general approach rather than a detailed plan. Research decides when literature review and theory application happen.

Qualitative Research Model Study presents a detailed view of the topic. Access to people or other resources that can provide necessary data is crucial. Appropriate research methods are important for acquiring useful qualitative data.

Research Methods Survey Research Secondary Analysis of Existing Data Field Research Experiments

ASA Code of Ethics Basic ethical standards for sociologists including: Disclose research findings in full and include all possible interpretations of the data. Safeguard participants right to privacy and dignity while protecting them from harm.

ASA Code of Ethics Basic ethical standards for sociologists including: Protect confidential information provided by participants. Acknowledge research collaboration and assistance and disclose all sources of financial support.