1 Domingo Jiménez-Beltrán, Executive Director TERM 2001 Indicators on transport and environment integration in the EU Joint Transport and Environment Informal Council, September 2001 Leuven, Ottignies- Louvain-la-Neuve

2 The 'three corridors model' to follow progress in sustainable development Strategy for Sustainable Development (Gothenburg Summit June 2001 to RIO+10 June 2002) Structural Indicators Lisbon agenda (socio- economic policies) ('Synthesis report' to Stockholm Summit, March 2001) Sectoral integration ind. Sectoral strategies & action programmes (Economic councils for Gothenburg Summit, June 2001) Environmental issue indicators Environmental action plan (Env council, 6EAP for Gothenburg 2001 and specific development plans) Integrated Monitoring and reporting

3 Monitoring transport and environment integration

4 Policy objectives and targets Various environmental targets exist (STAR), BUT: hardly any are transport-specific There are few 'integration' targets Sector targets should include targets for The sector's environmental performance The sector's growth and composition (modal split) Various policy areas where environment can be integrated: pricing, investments, spatial planning, technology, …

5 33 % 43 % 47 % 41 % 42 % 40 % 15 % 8 %8 % 7 %7 % 0 %0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 % projected Oil pipelines Inland waterways Rail Short sea shipping Road Shift towards road and aviation continues Source: Eurostat, 2001, European Commission, 2001 Objective:stabilisation of modal split by 2010 at '98 levels Modal shares in tonne-km 2010 target

6 Source: Eurostat, 2001 Trends in tonne-km and GDP, EU 15 Transport growth strongly linked to GDP growth Objective: restrain transport growth

7 Objective: Improving transport eco-efficiency Sources: Eurostat, 2001; EEA, 2001 Transport CO 2 emissions increased by 15 % between 1990 and 1998 Trends in transport and its environmental pressures, EU 15

8 Objective:Meet EU air quality standards for protection of human health 0 %0 %20 %40 %60 %80 %100 % CO Benzene NO2 PM10 % of urban population potentially exposed Other sources Traffic Urban air quality is improving, but pollution levels still pose health risks Source: ETC/AQ (2001) Urban population potentially exposed to exceedances of EU air quality standards

9 Transport infrastructure increasingly fragments the EU territory Objective:preserve connectivity between nature areas (Natura 2000) Finland Sweden Greece Spain Ireland France Portugal Italy United Kingdom Austria Netherlands Denmark Germany Luxembourg Belgium Average size of non-fragmented land parcels, 1997 Source: EEA-ETC/LC, 2000 km 2

10 Country targets and comparisons? Terrestrial tonne-km: modal share EU (1998) Terrestrial tonne-km: modal share AC (1999) Sources: Eurostat, UNECE, %0 %50 %100 % Greece Ireland Italy UK Spain Denmark Portugal France Finland Belgium Luxembourg Germany Sweden Netherlands Austria EU 15 0 %0 %50 %100 % Turkey (1998) Hungary Czech Republic Slovak Republic Slovenia Poland Lithuania Romania Bulgaria (1997) Estonia Latvia (1998) EU 15 (1998) Road Rail Inland waterways

11 Country targets and comparisons? Transport NO x emissions: % change Transport CO 2 emissions: % change Source: EEA ETC-AE, 2000 EU-15 Greece Ireland Portugal Spain Austria Belgium Italy Denmark France Finland Netherlands Luxembourg Germany Sweden United Kingdom -50%-40%-30%-20%-10%0%10%20%30% EU14 Ireland Portugal Spain Austria Greece Belgium Netherlands Italy Denmark France Germany Sweden United Kingdom Finland 0%20%40%60%80%100%120%

12 Objective: internalisation of marginal external costs Non-fuel related internalisation measures (transport taxes and charges) Internalisation instruments are being established, but barriers to implementation

13 Eurocent per tonne-km RoadRailAviationWaterborne Upstream Process Urban Effects Nature & Landscape Climate Change Air Pollution Noise Accidents External costs per tonne-km, EU 17, 1995 Source: INFRAS/IWW, 2000 Transport externalities: ± 8% of GDP Objective: fair and efficient pricing

14 Dropping freight transport prices boost transport Objective: fair and efficient pricing Freight transport prices in the Netherlands Source: CE, 2000

15 Objective: fair and efficient pricing Source: Eurostat, 2001; CE 2000 Transport fuel price trends do not encourage energy efficiency Trends in transport energy consumption and fuel prices, EU 15

16 Objective: improve energy efficiency Rail freight Source: Odyssee Not much improvement in energy efficiency of freight transport Road freight

17 Objective: increase load factors Road freight load factors Empty haulage trucks: % of total vehicle-km Source: Eurostat, 2001

18 Objective: optimal use of existing infrastructure; promote rail, inland waterways, short sea shipping Motorway length increased by 70% since 1980 Source: Eurostat, 2001, ECMT, 1999

19 Good practices are emerging - information needs to be pooled “Reductions in environmental impacts generate a double dividend. Companies benefit from reduced costs and an improved competitive position. They will be more attractive to customers eager to buy ‘green’ products and services. Environmental criteria are moving to the forefront in business decisions today ” Source: DG ENV

20 To restrain transport growth, efforts are also needed in other sectors The transport sector’s dependency on fossil fuels clearly runs counter to the objective of securing the energy supply. Tourism travel is the fastest growing category of passenger transport. Industry needs to develop more transport-efficient production and distribution systems and logistics Agri-subventions are boosting agri-food related transport

21 Sustainable mobility: a matter of lifestyle? Boosting sales figures of 4 wheel drives lead to disruptive off-road mobility

22 TERM: future challenges Filling of data gaps and improving indicator definition 'Enlargement' of TERM Including wider sustainability issues (i.e. socio- economic indicators) Coordination with reporting systems on other sectors and with national and urban indicator systems Improvement of networking with countries, both at policy and at expert level

23 TERM challenges:policy effectiveness and prospective analyses reference emissions actual emissions Shift petrol to diesel 3-way catalysts Heavy duty vehicle emission standards (stage 1) Emission standards passenger cars and heavy duty vehicles Million tonnes NO x Significant NO x reduction due to cleaner fuels and technologies, but not sufficient to reach EU targets Source: ETC-AE,2000

24 Most importantly Avoid 'decoupling' between the TERM and policy making: i.e. USE the indicators to support policy making, and review and adjust the indicator selection regularly to match emerging policies and targets Ensure the long-term continuity and funding of TERM