Final Review For C.S.T.

Standards 1 & 2 Astronomy

Planets Inner = Terrestrial = Rocky = High Density. (Heavy) Outer = Jovian = Gas = Low Density. (Light) Much closer than stars so we see their movement.

Early Earth Formed 4.6 Billion Years Ago. Layers (Core, Mantle, Crust) Heavy sunk, Light floated to the top.

Stars Make energy by Fusion. Fusion = lighter to heavier. Color gives us Temp. & Life cycle. –Red can be Ten’s of Billions of years old. –Yellow is Billions –Blue is Millions.

Galaxies Our galaxy is the Milky Way Has Billions of stars Made of Gas & Dust Spiral Shape 100,000 Light Years across.

Standards 3 & 9 Geology

Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener offered 4 proofs. This led to Plate Tectonics. Divergent Convergent Transform

Rocks Sedimentary = parts of rocks Igneous = melted Metamorphic = heat & pressure Intrusive = Underground = Large Crystals Extrusive = Above ground = Small Crystals

Volcanoes Two types of eruptions –Quiet = flowing lava = low in gasses = low in silica. –Explosive = thick lava = high in gasses = high in silica.

Divergent = Form where the ground pulls apart. Convergent = Forms in subduction zones. Hot spots = Form chains of islands. (Atolls) Volcanoes

California Coastal cliffs have erosion. Water #1 use is agriculture. Most precipitation in the North Use Aqueducts to move water to the South.

Standards 4, 5, 6 & 8

Global Warming CO 2 is most responsible. Burning fossil fuels & wood adds CO 2 to the atmosphere. CO 2 traps heat and can warm the planet.

Early Atmosphere Early Earth was very different. The first oxygen came from early plants (algae) Photosynthesis.

Wind The Coriolis effect causes storms to curve to the West.

Rising/Falling Air Warm air rises Cool air falls Where air rises, it rains. Where air falls, it is dry.

Altitude In the troposphere (our layer) –As you go up, it gets colder. –As you go up, the pressure gets lower.

Ozone O 3 = Ozone In the Stratosphere = Protects us from UV radiation. UV radiation can destroy DNA and cause cancer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) destroy ozone.

El Nino In the Pacific, some years the wind stops blowing. The ocean in this spot warms up. On these years, the weather changes around the globe.