Avoiding Plagiarism Citing Sources Properly

What you should know What you should know: What is Copyright?Copyright What is Plagiarism?Plagiarism What Must be citedcited How to avoid Plagiarismavoid Plagiarism Taking good Research Notes Paraphrasing Summarizing Quoting

What is Copyright? Copyright LEGAL RIGHTS OWN ORIGINAL WORK Copyright refers to the LEGAL RIGHTS that a person has over their OWN ORIGINAL WORK COPYRIGHT SOLE RIGHT When you have COPYRIGHT on a work, you have the SOLE RIGHT to : Reproduce it Create other works based on it Distribute copies for sale Display the work publicly Grant others permission to use the work

Why are there copyright laws? deserved credit To give deserved credit to the original author provide incentive To provide incentive for people to create original works Copyright allows authors, musicians, artists, etc. to make money off of their labor. It prevents others from taking their work for free. It prevents people from altering other’s work without permission maintain academic integrity To maintain academic integrity and accountability What if there were no copyright laws?.....

What is Protected? All original work created after 1923, is COPYRIGHTED Most Content on the Internet is Copyrighted Website content Text messages (e.g., blogs postings, s, etc) Images, Photographs, Music Video clips, Animations Software Other copyrighted Materials: Literary Works, Musical Works, Dramatic Works, Choreographic Works Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works, Motion Pictures and AV Sound Recordings, Architectural Works Try It: What’s Protected? What’s Protected?

Fair Use The Fair Use Laws allow some limited uses of copyrighted materials for educators, reviewers, reporters, and students. : General Rule : The More You Use, the Less Fair Your Use Is Likely to Be! Educational Exceptions to Copyright: 1. You can BORROW “ideas” from the works of others, to include in your own work, in a LIMITED SCOPE! 2. You can include a LIMITED amount of DIRECT QUOTATIONS from copyrighted works 3. Students and Teachers can make a single copy of a work for private study, research, criticism, review, or news reporting 4. You can use excerpts from a book to write a review of it 5. Students can perform a copyrighted play, or screen a movie in order to study it, without permission or paying loyalties

Plagiarism: What is it? Plagiarism is the presentation of other’s work as your own. Many people think of plagiarism as copying or borrowing someone else's original ideas. But legally, Plagiarism is THEFT According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to "plagiarize" means 1. To steal and pass off the ideas or words of another as one's own 2. To use another's production, without crediting the source 3. To commit literary theft 4. To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source. Plagiarism is Theft and Fraud

Ways to Plagiarize Intentional Plagiarism Cutting and pasting blocks of text from electronic sources without documenting Media “borrowing” without citing sources Copying a friend’s work Borrowing projects from others Unintentional Plagiarism Careless paraphrasing Poor citing Excessive use of Quotes Failure to use your own “voice” Whether it is Deliberate or Accidental, it’s still Plagiarism!

What Counts as Plagiarism? If I change a few words, I’m okay, right? Wrong! Plagiarized You have probably Plagiarized if you have: Copied, included, downloaded, quoted, or improperly paraphrased the work, words, or ideas of others in your own work, without citing it Plagiarism ALWAYS counts, even if you.. Plagiarise by accident Change a word or two in each sentence Borrow images off the Internet Use material from a reference source, without citing it Use just a few statistics Tack a reference on to the end of each paragraph

Plagiarism Includes Plagiarism Includes Use of Direct Quotes, without credit If you use someone else’s direct words, without putting it in quotes, you have plagiarized, even if you add the source in your bibliograph y 2. Careless Paraphrasing If your paraphrasing uses too many of the same words and grammatical structure as the original source, it is considered plagiarism. You MUST put the text in your own words. 3. Use of Unique ideas, without credit If you present the ideas of another without crediting them, you have plagiarized

The Internet & Plagiarism InternetEXPLOSION The Internet has caused an EXPLOSION in plagiarism: It’s easy to do It’s easy to do Unfortunately, the Internet makes it easy to steal ideas, text, images, music, et. Just copy/paste and away you go It seems anonymous, who will know? BUT, it’s also easy to Detect BUT, it’s also easy to Detect The Internet also makes it just as easy to DETECT plagiarism Web searches make it easy for teachers to detect and track down plagiarism Try it: Try it: The Internet also makes it easy to detect plagiarism. Try it: Try it: Try copying a suspicious phrase into a search engine. Specialized websites, search engines and programs now exist that allow teachers to find and detect plagiarism : TurnitIn.comTurnitIn.com

Myths :The Internet & Copyright Myth 1 Myth 1: The web is a free access, use as you please resource. Truth: Truth: It is illegal to hack into private web sites, plagiarize other's work, pirate software, spread viruses, or steal research papers. Myth 2 Myth 2: Only TEXT is copyrighted Truth: Truth: Any original work based on an original idea is intellectual property: artwork, photos, clip art, web design, graphs, etc. Myth 3 Myth 3: It’s only copyrighted if it has a Copyright symbol Truth: Truth: All print, image, and sound materials are published under intellectual property right protection laws; copyright applies automatically from the time it hits paper or electronic media

Why you shouldn’t Plagiarize! Unethical It’s Unethical It is only right to give credit to authors whose ideas you use You cheat yourself and limit your own learning Illegal It’s Illegal The consequences are not worth the risks! Penalties can include: failed classes, expulsion from school, serious fines, jail time

Why Is Academic Integrity important? Would you Want: The DOCTOR who cheated their way through their labs or practicum to diagnose you? The architect who cheated their way through math class building your house? The lawyer who cheated on the bar exam representing you in court? The accountant who paid a stand-in take their CPA exam doing your taxes? (Lathrop and Foss 87)

AVOIDING Plagiarism Avoiding Plagiarism requires these 4 steps: : 1. Take Good Notes : Careful Note taking is one of the best ways to avoid Plagiarism : M 2. Paraphrase and Summarize Properly : Blend information from source materials in with your own ideas. Make sure your own voice, and original ideas are dominant in your work 3. Quote Properly 4. Cite your sources properly

Note-Taking Processes Good Note Taking The Processes involved in Good Note Taking are: 1. Identify Keywords in the document that relate to your Research Question 2. Skim and Scan to find the Information you need 3. Extract the necessary Information There are many different methods of note-taking Find a system that WORKS for YOU, and stick to it

Paraphrasing Paraphrasing: Paraphrasing: Restating, in your own words, the author's words or ideas without altering the meaning or adding interpretation. A paraphrase is like a TRANSLATION of the original source. Use Paraphrasing When: You plan to use information from your notes You want to avoid overusing quotations You want to use your own voice to present information When paraphrasing: Rewrite Rewrite the phrase in your own words - don’t rearrange/replace Double check Double check what you wrote by comparing with the original CITE CITE the Paraphrased material in your bibliography

Summarizing Summarizing: Summarizing: Involves stating a source’s main ideas or points in your own words. A summary does not include any supporting details or evidence from the original source, and should be more concise. A good summary gives the reader a general sense of the original material. Summarize when: When you need to include ONLY the main points of the source You want to establish background or offer an overview of a topic You want to describe knowledge (from several sources) about a topic You want to determine the main ideas of a single source When Summarizing: Your summary should be significantly shorter than the original text Provide a broad overview of the source material. You MUST credit the summarized ideas to their original sources

How to Summarize A summary should be a synthesis of the ideas from your different sources 1. Read a variety of sources on your topic 2. Take point-form notes, include the source and page # 3. Read over your notes, and decide which are the main ideas, and which need to be included in your summary 4. Think about the order in which you will present the ideas 5. Write a summary, using your own words and include ONLY the main points of the original Do not include your interpretation/analysis within the summary Make a clear distinction between your thoughts and someone else's 6. Vary how you introduce or attribute your sources, Ex: "according to…," or "so-and-so concludes that...” 7. Always include a citation

Quoting Quoting:, Quoting: Using the author’s exact words, copied directly from the source. You MUST ALWAYS Cite Quotations! Use quotations when: You want to add the power of an author’s original words to support your argument You want to comment on, agree or disagree with the writer has said You want to highlight particularly powerful phrases or passages You are comparing and contrasting specific points of view You want to comment specifically on the writer’s use of words When Quoting: Use it sparingly – only use it if you have a GOOD REASON Always put quotes in quotations, and cite them in your Bibliography Integrated the Quotes into your writing – always include an analysis and a transition The shorter the quotations, the better

Citing Sources Bibliography In-Text citations Citing Sources means to list all of your Sources in a Bibliography and use In-Text citations

What MUST be Cited? Direct Quotations All Direct Quotations Paraphrasing Summaries Paraphrasing or Summaries of other people’s ideas, words, thoughts, or opinions tatistics Statistics & Study Results Original works Original works of any type – sounds, images, movies, videos, animations, etc. NOTCommon Knowledge All information that you receive from sources that is NOT “Common Knowledge”

What DOESN’T have to be cited: DON’T have to cite You DON’T have to cite: Information from the Public Domain (created before 1923) Facts that are widely known or considered “ common knowledge ” Ex: The first Prime Minister was John A. McDonald Ex: Canada Day is on July 1 st Discussion of your own ideas, experiences, observations, or reactions The compilation of results from your own original research, science experiments, etc. EVERYTHING ELSE must be CITED EVERYTHING ELSE must be CITED!