World War 1 1915 Jay 11 AP World History

January 19-20th – First German Zeppelin attack on England 31st - The first use of poison gas in WW1, by Germany at Bolimów in Poland.

First German Zeppelin Attack “zeppelins” were the most feared weapon in the war Although all the major powers possessed airplanes, the Allies planes were small, short-range planes mainly used for reconnaissance purposes. zeppelin could handle the flights from Germany to London carrying a large payload of bombs.

London’s defenses were not enough because no gun could fire a bullet high enough to reach the plane Germany had not successfully had a plane reach Britain airspace

Bolimów Battle was between Germany and Russia This was the first time the German’s tried to use a large scale gas attack, but was unsuccessful because the wind blew the gas back on the German army This didn’t result in many casualties because it was so cold, that the gas froze. This failed attack scared the German’s and caused them to call off their attack.

February 4th - U-Boat attacks on Allied neutral shipping 7-21st – Russians suffer heavy loses in Second Battle of Masurian Lakes (Winter Battle)

U-Boat Attack on Allies Germany declares a submarine blockade on Britain. Any ship approaching England is considered a valid target.

U-Boats

Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front  This battle involved the German and the Russian Empires This was intended to knock Russia out of the war. This battle ended the German offensive in the North

March 11th - Britain announces blockade of German ports

Blockade Germany imported most of their products from the sea, and this greatly impacted their economy. This didn’t help Germany in the war because they were cut off from their raw materials that they needed to finish the war

April 22nd - Germans use gas attacks for first time on Battle of Ypres (used on Canadians) 25th - Allies begin nine-month battle for the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli.

Battle of Ypres the first time Germany used poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I  Was the first time the Canadians pushed back a major European power on European soil The gas was a tactical surprise to the Allies, and caused the countries involved to continue developing more weapons of war Allies peed on a cloth then wrapped it around their mouth and nose to act as gas masks

Ypres

Gallipoli The Allies planned a landing on the Gallipoli Peninsula attempted to secure the shores and silence the Turkish guns.  The Turkish placed themselves on the high ground pouring artillery and machine gun fire down upon the Allied troops below. Stalemate continued until the end of 1915, when the Allied troops withdrew.

Gallipoli This failed battle diminished the trust the Allies had in their leaders. Casualties Allies - 252, 000 (mainly the British and French) Turkish - 300,000

Gallipoli

May 7th - U-boat sinks British liner Lusitania 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans die 31st- First successful Zeppelin Attack

Lusitania Her hidden cargo consisted of ammunitions and contraband destined for the British war effort. (This was something that the German’s knew) This was the point where the Americans were angered by the war. This was the first incident where America was affected. Two years later, America declared war on Germany. America demanded that Germany stops attacking passenger ships

Sinking of the Lusitania

Zeppelin Attack Around eleven o’clock, the attack began. Within twenty minutes, the LZ.38 dropped nearly 120 bombs Seven people were killed in the attack, and many fires were caused. This scared the British because no spotlight ever saw the zeppelin. No gun was able to target it

Zeppelin over London The LZ.38, the Zeppelin that bombed London

Raids over England

August 4th - Germans capture Warsaw 30th - Germany responds to U.S. (from May) by stop sink ships without warning.

Warsaw Marked the defeat of the Russian Army by the Germans and its withdrawal from Poland

Germans in Warsaw

US anger Germans stopped sinking civilian ships

September 5th - Tsar Nicholas takes command of Russian armies 15th - British use gas in battle (shifting winds cause 60,000 British casualties)

Russian Armies Tsar Nicholas takes control of Russian Armies Disastrous decision any setbacks the Army suffered would necessarily reflect directly upon the Tsar himself. They blamed him for anything bad

Tsar Nicholas and Army

December 28th - Allies begin withdrawal of troops from Gallipoli

Gallipoli full retreat from the shores of the Gallipoli (Peninsula in Turkey) ending a disastrous invasion of the Ottoman Empire

Bibliography First Word War BBC News PBS World War 1 About.com http://www.firstworldwar.com/timeline/1915.htm BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/world_war_i/198172.stm PBS http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/timeline/time_1915.html World War 1 http://www.worldwar-1.net/world-war-1-timelines/world-war-1-1915/world-war-1-1915-index.htm About.com http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/worldwar1/a/ww1stimeline4.htm British Pathe videos https://www.britishpathe.com/index.html