Acknowledging the Impact of East European Industrialisation on the Post-War North American Economy Kim Naqvi Kent State University (visiting faculty) University of Saskatchewan (lecturer)

Chenery and Syrquin’s Industrialised Countries, 1975 work

“Industrialised” by 1950, Chenery and Syrquin

Other Countries with 30% Industrial Labour Force Share by 1950

Re-evaluation of Cold War Economy Interpretation of victory over communism –Overemphasis on market-system? –Prevents other post-cold war analysis of cold war –Ellen Schrecker 2004 Cold war triumphalism: the misuse of history after the fall of communism Military Keynesianism The arms race as the weapon Current pattern of rising arms expenditure, falling taxation –Less stable economic strategy –Lichtenstein in Schrecker

Acknowledging the Cold War in Geography and Economic Geography Elements of a history and geography of the economy –Geo-politics –Colonisation –Cold war and shatterbelts –Military-industrial expenditures and landscapes

An Examination of the Literature Geopolitics –Mentions and definitions of geopolitics Cold war –Mentions and depth of discussion Military industrial economy/Arms –Mentions and depth of discussion

Extreme Variations in “Geopolitics” Introductory Geography texts Bergman and Renwick e –“A pseudoscience studying ‘the natural and necessary trend towards [national] expansion as a means of self preservation.” –Summary and dismissal of Ratzel –Contrasts with a 6 page discussion of “Empire” which includes a US empire. Knox and Marsten e –“…one of the cornerstones of twentieth century political geography, and state foreign policy more generally –Glossary: “The state’s power to shape and control space or territory and shape the policy of individual states and international policy relations.”

Mentions Cold War, Military (general or any), or military industrial complex Based on index listings May miss detailed chapter content depending on quality of index

Overview Few introductory texts mention –Cold war gets most mention, but not in all texts Fewer economic geography texts mention –Either introductory or upper level World Regional Geography mentions most –Cold war most common –Only two mention military-industrial relationship Regional Geography of the US and Canada –No mention High tech sector often mentioned –Connection not made

Introductory Geography texts Bergman and Renwick e –One sentence mention of cold war –Mention of military bases in Puerto Rico –Six pages on empires (including US empire) Knox and Marsten, e –Three mentions of cold war: uncertainty Getis, Fellmann and Fellmann 2008, 11e –No mention of cold war, military, etc

Introductory Geography, continued Rubenstein 2008, 9e –Seven mentions of cold war, often as “era” Four on military alliances de Blij at al –One mention of military service as migration

Introductory Economic Geography Texts Stutz and Warf e –General mention of “command economy” –One sentence mention of “communism” in China –Forty-eight page chapter on history of capitalism No mention of military industrial competition, cold war –Nine pages on colonisation Wheeler and Muller 1998, 3e –No mention of cold war, military

Introductory Economic Geography, continued Fik e –Definition of cold war in context of economic systems Dicken e –No mention of cold war, military

Upper Level Economic Geography Lee and Wills 1997 –Two works of Markusen cited –Military industrial complex not mentioned Bryson et al 1999 –Chapter on post-soviet Europe Sheppard and Barnes 2000 –Watts post-cold war and environmental issues –Hayter and cold war effect on resource policy –Herod and cold war impact on trade

Upper Level Economic Geography Barnes reader 2003 –No mentions Coe et al 2007 –No mentions

World Regional Geography Bradshaw et al 2007 –Seven mentions of cold war Clawson et al e –One mention of military’s role in Russian science de Blij and Muller 12e –22 mentions of cold war Hobbs and Salter –Five mentions of cold war –One mention of arms race and GDP share in US and USSR

World Regional Geography Marsten, Knox and Liverman e –Twelve mentions of cold war Role in US sunbelt development Soviet military-industrial cities US wars in cold war context Pulsipher and Pulsipher e –Fourteen mentions of cold war Rowntree et al e –Nine mentions of cold war

Geography of the US and Canada Hudson 2002 –No specific mention McKnight e –No specific mention Birdsall et al 2005 –No specific mention