TARLA Facility Avni AKSOY 7th IMAC Meeting of TARLA, IAT, 7 September 2015

Contents ■ Introduction ■ Main components/sections of TARLA ► Accelerator  Injector  Main accelerator ► FEL generation ■ Infrastructure ► He Plant ► Water/LN2 colling ► Electricity ► Control ► … ■ Research Potential ■ Proposed FEL applications 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory in Ankara TARLA ■ The institute which is 4 years old is the first institute established in Turkey as research in the fields of accelerators and related topics ■ We have 16 full-time employee in the institute (11 technical, 5 administrative) ■ About 5 part time collaborator from different universities  TARLA project which is essentially one of the sub-project of national project (TAC) has been coordinated by Ankara University since  TARLA facility belongs to Institute of Accelerator Technologies of Ankara University (located in Gölbası, 15 km south of Ankara),

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA Scope of TARLA ■ Constructing accelerator based research facility in order to serve our country and our region within the frame of Turkish Accelerator Center Project.  In TARLA facility we propose; ■ To generate Free Electron Laser between µm using MeV electron beam and two different optical resonator system housing two different undulators with 25 mm and 90 mm period length ■ To generatre Bremsstrahlung radiation using 0-30 MeV electron beam and three different radiator-colimator setup and study nuclear physics ■ To use 0-40 MeV electron directly in order to make fixed target experiments

TARLA layout E = 250 keV σ = 500 ps E = 250 keV σ = 500 ps E = 250 keV σ = 10 ps E = 250 keV σ = 10 ps E =10-20 MeV σ = 2 ps E =10-20 MeV σ = 2 ps E =10-20 MeV σ = ps E =10-20 MeV σ = ps E =10-40 MeV σ = ps E =10-40 MeV σ = ps 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA ~60m FEL-1 λ= 3-19 µm FEL-1 λ= 3-19 µm FEL-2 λ= µm FEL-2 λ= µm Bremmstrahlung Eγ =1-30 MeV Bremmstrahlung Eγ =1-30 MeV

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA TARLA Electron Beam Spacing between bunches will be adjusted with grid modulation installed on gun. CW Beam 1 mA, 0-40 MeV 3 – 250 µm materials research biophysics biochemistry environment 3 – 250 µm materials research biophysics biochemistry environment Coherent IR Laser Macropulse time structure is manipulated with macropulsed installed on injector. 0 – 30 MeV Nuclear physics Nuclear astrophysiscs Radiation physics 0 – 30 MeV Nuclear physics Nuclear astrophysiscs Radiation physics Polarized Gamma 0 – 40 MeV radio biology detector studies materials research 0 – 40 MeV radio biology detector studies materials research Electrons

Injector ■ The injector will be based on totally normal conducting technology ■ It will consist of mainly } ► 250 kV DC thermionic gun (ELBE Design) ► 260 MHz and 1.3 GHz buncher cavities (ELBE Design) ► 5 solenoids and one dipole } ■ Bunches will be created at gun with length of 500 mode ■ They will be compressed to ~10 ps with Subharmonic (260 MHz) and Fundamental (1.3 GHz) bunchers before they are injected to main accelerating section. ■ The time structure of the beam will able to be manipulated with a macro pulser. The time structure can be modified by grid-pulsing system as well. ■ Ito avoid the field emission to be stored at cathode the gun is bended 15 degree. 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

Electron gun test setup Experience and problems solved ■ High Voltage  250 kV ■ High vacuum  3 × 10 −10 mbar ■ Relativelly high frequency  < 20 ps jitter, σ=500 MHz ■ High radiation  >2000 μs/h ■ Remote control  EPICS & LabView, PLC ■ ……. 7th IMAC Meeting of TARLA7 Sep 2015

Main Accelerating Section ■ Main accelerating section will consist of ► Two SRF modules ► Bunch compressor located between two modules ■ 1 mA CW beam provided by injector will be accelerated up to 18 MeV in first linac; ■ The bunches at maximum 18 MeV will be compressed down to 0.5ps (or decompressed) ■ 1 mA CW beam provided by injector will be accelerated up to 20 MeV in first linac ■ The bunches at maximum 18 MeV will be compressed down to 0.5ps (or decompressed) in bunch compressor section. (Due to capture process a dogleg style bunch compressor has been designed.) ■ In the second state of this section beam will able to be accelerated up to 40 MeV. 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA TARLA Superconducting accelerating module ■ Super conducting RF accelerating modules is being manufactured by Research instruments (Contract in 2012 Oct) ■ This module is compact and houses two TESLA cavities It is designed for continuous operation with accelerating gradient up to 15 MV/m. ■ The cryostat design has been developed by ELBE team (HZDR) and is used under a license agreement. ■ Modules will be delivered by the end of 2015

TARLA RF – System, Block Diagram ■ Each structure will be fed by individual power amplifiers ■ Each amplifier will have its own driver / LLRF controller 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

TARLA LLRF System, DESY design digital LLRF (μTCI4) ■ Contract in progress with DESY for digital LLRF system developped for X-FEL project & ELBE ► Field controller ► heater controller ► stepper motor driver ► piezo controller ■ We will start purchasing all hardware by after contract with DESY 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA ChannelDescription 1Cavity pickup 2Cavity reflect 3Cavity forward 4Power to load 5SSA forward 6SSA reflected 7SSA drive 8Reference tracking

RF Amplifiers ■ All NC & SC cavities will be fed by solid state amplifiers.. ■ Process for procurement started for ► 2 × 250 MHz, 1.5 kW ► 2 × 1300 MHz, 0.5 W ► 2 × 1300 MHz, 4 kW ■ For SC cavities we will use 16 kW (18 kW saturated) SSA 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

TARLA Electron Beam Parameters 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA ParameterUnitBaseUpgrade Beam EnergyMeV10-40 Max average beam currentmA11.5 Max bunch charge 13 MHz)pC77115 Horizontal emittancemm.mrad< 15< 16 Vertical emittancemm.mrad< 12<13 Longitudinal emittancekeV.ps< 85<100 Bunch lenghtPs0.4-6 Bunch repetitionMHz Macropulse durationμs50  CW Macropulse repetitionHz1  CW

Free Electron Laser Section ■ We propose to use 2 different optical resonator in order to scan all wavelengths between μm. ■ The beam is injected to undulators with achromatic beamlines (dipole-quadrupole triplet-dipole). ■ U90 ⇒ undulator with 90 mm period length and U25 ⇒ undulator with 25 mm period length ■ Besides the length of the periods of the undulators, the waveguide structure of U95 is another main difference between resonators. ■ Preliminery design for undulators 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA  NbFe pole material, vanadium permandur blocks  Roll off filed for max field is 0.04  NbFe pole material, vanadium permandur blocks  Roll off filed for max field is 0.1

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA FEL Simulations in progress ■ Time depended simuiation for FEL with 3 µm wavelength  E=38:2 MeV  K u = 0.35  Z r =0.75  σ b = 0.5 ps  No detunning  R 1 =R 2 =5.86  Mirror Reflection ratio=%98 Transverse beam sizes

FEL Parameters of TARLA ParameterUnitU25U90 Resonator Parameters Period Lengthmm2590 Number of Poles#6040 Type#Planar Pole Material#NdFeB Undulator Strength# Minimum gapmm440 Resonator Lengthm11.53 Curveture of mirrors (R 1 =R 2 )m Outcoupling hole radiusmmTBD Laser Parameters Wavelengthµmµm Micropulse repetitionMHz13 Micropulse Lengthps Maximum Peak PowerMW~6~5 Maximum Average PowerW10080 Max Pulse energyµJµJ~3~2.5 Macropulse durationµmµm50-CW Macropulse RepetitionHz1-CW 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

Helyum Plant ■ The system will consist of ► Helium refrigerator (4 K box) ► Distribution Box (2 K box, ► housing cold compressors) ► Two compressors ► Warm vacuum pump station ► Oil remover, transfer lines, ► vaporizer etc.. ■ Capacity ► 210 ► 16 mbar ± 0.2mbar ■ Installation and commissioning tests will be finished in by beginning of 2016  The plant is used to cool down superconducting structures down to 1.8 K  Our plant has been manufactured by Air Liquide and delivered by the end of Installation is still continueing 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

Other cooling systems ■ Water cooling  24 ±4 C o  kcal/h ► For nonradiactive sections completed ► For radiactive sections procurement process startet 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA ■ Nitrogen ► Distribution lines are installed ► Contract for LN2 for 3 years has been signed  270 kL LN2

Power network 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA ■ 2 MW main 1 MW backup ((2+1) × Transformer, (2+1) × Geneator, 6 × UPS) ■ We made a lot of improvement for electric network on facility ► Synchnozation of individual components ► Increasement on UPS capacity ► Combinet distribution with busbar ► Automatization ►..

Control system ■ Both EPICS and PLC based control systems will be used at TARLA 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA  EPICS  Machine control  PLC  Control of auxialiry systems  PSS  Cooling  Building control …

Personal Safety System &Radiation shield & dumps ■ Base line for radiation monitoring system has been decided ■ For PSS design and software we are in contact with SAAS GMbH ■ Door preliminary design has been completed. Expecting to sign contract in 1-2 month. Control will be done by SAAS ■ Beam dump design is in progress ■ Ventilation system has been completed 70% chimney, filter system is missing.. Control will be done by SAAS 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

Research Potential of TARLA Superconducting accelerator based electron beam MeV, 0-1 (1.5) mA 40 (60) kW pulsed/ CW Free Electron Laser Coherent IR Radiation µm Material, (bio)physics, (bio)chemistry, medical.. Polorized Gamma 0-30 MeV Nuclear Physics, Astrophysics, Radiation hardness Gamma induced positron spectroscopy Radiator Foil (Al,Nb) Direct Use Electron Beam MeV Radyobiolgy, Detector study, Thomson scattering Electron difraction, plasma studies Mono Chromatic Positron Semiconductors, material, … W Moderator Christal cannelling Compton Back Scattering Quasi Monochromatic X-ray Radiation physics, Radiobiology.. Lead Target Notron Source Fission, material, nuclear physics Bending Magnet THz Radiation Material research, detector study… 7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA

7 Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA Proposed FEL Stations ■ Proposed FEL stations are: ► IR spectroscopy lab. ► SFG-PP lab. ► Bio-Micro Spectroscopy lab. ► Material research lab. ■ Main FEL parameters are available for these labs ► wavelength range: m ► Average FEL power: W ■ Each room will be equipped with table-tab laser sources with 700 – 1000 nm wavelength ► Ti-sapphire laser ► Nd:Yag laser ■ FEL and external lasers will be synchronized ► Δσ<100 fs ■ The rooms will have class 1000 standard

Conclusion ■ TARLA is the first step of TAC project and will be the first FEL user facility in Turkey and around our region. ■ The facility will give opportunity to scientists and industry to make research about material, biotechnology, optics, semiconductors, medicine, chemistry and nanotechnology as well.. ■ The infrastructure has almost been completed… Only door, chimney and clean rooms are missing.. ■ The milestones of TARLA is ► The helium plant will be ready by the beginning of 2016, ► The injector will to be ready by the end of ► First cyromodule will be delivered by June of We expect to get first beam from SRF1 by 1st Q of 2017, and beam from SRF2 is expected in ► Purchasing components of laser station(s) will be started by next year and parallel to TARLA construction experiments with traditional laser sources will start by 2018 ► We expect to get first lasing by the end of Sep 20157th IMAC Meeting of TARLA