Ancient Greece Ελλάδα Chapter 4

USA Greece

EUROPE

Mediterranean Sea Aegean Sea

GEOGRAPHY Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula Many islands plus tip of the Balkan Peninsula

Balkan Peninsula

GEOGRAPHY Physical geography: mountainous Physical geography: mountainous isolated Greeks from each other isolated Greeks from each other

GEOGRAPHY small groups encouraged participation in government small groups encouraged participation in government rivalry led to war rivalry led to war

Greece

GEOGRAPHY lack of farmland led to colonization, trade: built Byzantium (Roman-Constantinople, modern Turkey-Istanbul)

Greece Byzantium - Greeks Constantinople - Romans Istanbul – Turks (today)

Minoans On the island of Crete On the island of Crete During the Bronze Age During the Bronze Age Based on trade Based on trade

Mycenae First Greek state First Greek state Made up of Indo- Europeans Made up of Indo- Europeans

Mycenae On the mainland of Greece On the mainland of Greece Known as warriors Known as warriors

EARLY LITERATURE Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word) Greeks adopted Phoenician alphabet, the idea of a character for a sound (instead of a picture for a word)

The Greeks adopted the idea of a character/letter for a sound (taken from the Phoenicians) instead of a picture or character for a word (like Egyptian hieroglyphics).

EARLY LITERATURE Long poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem Long poem that told the story of a hero: e p i c poem

EARLY LITERATURE Most famous poet: Homer Most famous poet: Homer most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey most famous works: Iliad, Odyssey

EARLY LITERATURE used to teach: values used to teach: values striving for excellence: a r e t e striving for excellence: a r e t e

Ithaca Troy

From the movie Troy

POLIS Town, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e Town, city, village, plus countryside: c i t y – s t a t e Assembly area, market: a g o r a Assembly area, market: a g o r a

POLIS Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s Fortified area on a hill: a c r o p o l i s

Acropolis in Athens

Acropolis

Parthenon

The Parthenon served as the temple to the goddess Athena from which Athens gets its name. Inside there was a golden statue of Athena.

POLIS Military - heavily armed infantry: H o p l i t e s Military - heavily armed infantry: H o p l i t e s shield, short sword, spear

Hoplites

HOPLITES close formation with shields up: p h a l a n x close formation with shields up: p h a l a n x

phalanx

SPARTA Warriors Warriors “well disciplined”: spartan “well disciplined”: spartan

SPARTA pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth pork boiled in animal blood, salt, vinegar was called: black broth

SPARTA Weak were abandoned Weak were abandoned “Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.” “Come back carrying your shield or being carried on it.”

Sparta

ATHENS 510 B.C. 510 B.C. 1. council of 500 made laws 2. free and open debate 3. vote by assembly of all male citizens

ATHENS 510 B.C. 510 B.C. 1. council of 500 made laws 2. free and open debate 3. vote by assembly of all male citizens D E M O C R A C Y

Athens

MARATHON 490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army 490 B.C.: Greeks defeated the invading Persian army on the plains of Marathon on the plains of Marathon Marathon to Athens: 26 miles Marathon to Athens: 26 miles

MARATHON Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed Legend of Pheidippides: ran from Marathon 26 miles to Athens to tell of the victory, and collapsed

Marathon Athens

Greece: dark green, Greek colonies: gray Ancient Greek Empire