US IMPERIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE PACIFIC Why did the U.S. expand its influence in Latin America and in Hawaii in the 19th century? How? Results?

Latin America as MONOLITH What is being handed to Uncle Sam in this image? What does the image suggest about Latin America? What does this and the following images suggest about the way in which the U.S. perceived Latin America?

Latin America as female What is the message of this cartoon? How are each of the countries portrayed?

Latin Americans as Children What is Uncle Sam saying to the “children”? What is the political message of this cartoon?

Roosevelt Corollary – 1904 The Monroe Doctrine – 1823 HOW DID THE US EXPAND ITS INFLUENCE IN LATIN AMERICA IN THE 19TH CENTURY? Policies: The U.S. as Protector / Defender Roosevelt Corollary – 1904 The Monroe Doctrine – 1823

The Monroe Doctrine -- 1823 When it was clear that LA independence movements had succeeded, the US acted to prevent other European nations from acquiring colonies or undue influence.

Roosevelt Corollary – 1904

War as Policy Mexican-American War -1847 TREATY OF GUADALUPE-HIDALGO, 1848

War as Policy The Spanish American War 1898 “How some apprehensive people picture Uncle Sam after the War”. Detroit News. 1898.

Foreign Investment The U.S. and Europe invested heavily in Latin America: Cash crops (United Fruit Co.) Mining Companies Infrastructure (roads, ports, railways)

and… The Panama Canal How would the Panama Canal and other forms of foreign investment influence Latin America’s relations with the U.S. in the 20th century?

LATIN AMERICA AND THE U.S.: A POLICY AND HISTORY OF INTERVENTION CUBA: the Platt Amendment PANAMA: U.S. encouraged its independence to secure an agreement to build the Panama Canal (Panama was formerly a part of Colombia) VENEZUELA: NICARAGUA: U.S. took control from 1909-33 to prevent European nations from going in to collect debts by force HAITI: 1915– 1934 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 1916 – 1924 HONDURAS – 1924 PANAMA – 1925 PUERTO RICO – 1898 and 1948 The U.S. collected taxes and paid the debts >> GREAT resentment on the part of Latin American nations >> Why do you think this was so? (beyond the obvious…)

U.S. AND HAWA’II WHY DID THE US IMPERIALIZE HAWAII? HOW DID IT DO SO? WHAT WERE THE RESULTS?

WHAT REASON DOES THIS CARTOON SUGGEST FOR US INTEREST IN HAWAII? US SUGAR INTERESTS INCREASED IN HAWAII DURING THE 19TH CENTURY? WHAT REASONS WOULD THE US PROVIDE FOR WANTING TO ESTABLISH A PRESENCE IN HAWAII?

What does the cartoon suggest about US imperialist policy?

The peaceful annexation – or was it?

Queen Liliuokalani’s Statement Relinquishing Power in Hawaii “I, Lili'uokalani, by the Grace of God and under the constitution of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done against myself and the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by certain persons claiming to have established a Provisional Government of and for this Kingdom. That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose Minister Plenipotentiary, His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States troops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Provisional Government. Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps loss of life, I do, under this protest, and impelled by said forces, yield my authority until such time as the Government of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, undo the action of its representative and reinstate me in the authority which I claim as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Islands.” January 17, 1893 What does the statement suggest about the annexation of Hawaii?

LATIN AMERICA – U.S. RELATIONS IN THE 20TH C. RELATIONS BASED ON / GOVERNED BY: FOREIGN INVESTMENTS LATIN AMERICA’S DEBTS TRADE NEED FOR STABLE GOVERNMENT (What does this mean? Why would it be important?)