INTRODUCTION AND MEASUREMENT How can we think like scientists? What is Chemistry? Why study Chemistry? How can problems be solved in a systematic manner? How do we give meaning and dimension to our descriptions of the world around us? How do round off answers to math problems? How is the data compression in mp 3 and ZIP files mirrored in scientific notation? How can units be used to solve problems? How can we make sense of data and use it to make predications?

Color Coding Periodic Table Follow the directions and color code the periodic table

Getting to know you! Fill out the student information sheet on your tables When you are done put them by the sink If not finish for HW

Nature of Science Activity

AIM: What is Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of the composition of substances and the changes they undergo It is the science of matter. It is considered the interaction between atoms Everything has chemistry, actually all matter has chemicals in it which is chemistry. For example, a table, a book, ink, and even us!

3.Analytical chemistry: the study of the quantitative composition of substances Examples: how much chlorine is in a sample of tap water 4.Biochemistry: the study of chemistry of living organisms Examples: how sugar in the blood stream of cats affect insulin production AIM: What is Chemistry? There are several divisions or branches of chemistry: 1.Organic chemistry: the study of substances that contain carbon Example: How gasoline is produces from oil 2. Inorganic chemistry: the study of substances without carbon Example: how table salt reacts with different acids Divisions of Chemistry

AIM: Why study chemistry? Helps us understand the world around us better Many questions can be answered by chemistry Anything you touch, taste or smell is a chemical. When we study chemistry we know a bit more about how things work

AIM: Why study Chemistry? - everyday examples 1. Digestion; enzymes promoting chemical reactions that power our bodies. Lifting your arm requires your body to make and burn ATP using oxygen with carbon dioxide as one of the waste gases produced. 2.The internal combustion engine takes liquid gasoline, converts it to a gas, burns it takes the waste to make mechanical energy and then expels some noxious gases. The rare metals in the catalytic converter scrub out the sulfuric acid, but we still get the ingredients for smog out of them. 3. Cooking is the heating and combination of compounds to make something new. In some cases, like rising bread we have an actual chemical reaction where the yeast changes the food. 4.When concrete dries and hardens the water actually causes a chemical reaction with the cement making a binding action drying concrete isn't just losing water it is undergoing a chemical change and one that creates heat as well (an exothermic reaction).

5.When you write with ink on paper, the ink and paper unite in a chemical reaction so that you can't erase it. Specialized inks allow a short period where you can erase some inks, but most inks dry and can't be erased; they have bound with the paper. This includes your pen and your ink jet printer. 6.Plastics are all about organic chemistry. 7. The sun undergoes fusion and yes that too is chemistry. It creates radiation and photons so we can see. Some of the radiation interacts with oxygen to create ozone and the ozone layer shields us from harmful UV radiation. 8.ANYTHING that burns is undergoing a chemical reaction and almost always creates some form of carbon as waste. AIM: Why study Chemistry? - everyday examples

AIM: How can problems be solved in a systematic manner? The scientific method is a way to solve a scientific problem. It is an approach to a solution (using mostly common sense)

1. Objective (Problem): statement of purpose 2. Hypothesis (Prediction): Educated guess, in the form: if …. then… 3. Experiment (Test): to test hypothesis, must give reproducible results to be reliable Variable: factor being tested Control: other factors that are held constant AIM: How can problems be solved in a systematic manner? - Steps of the Scientific Method

4. Observations (Data): collect and gather data based on your observations; organize these results to perform analysis in the form of charts, tables or graphs 5. Conclusions : the determination if your hypothesis was correct, it may be accepted, rejected revised 6. Follow up/application : a repeat with modification is sometimes necessary, and a reevaluation of the results. Also answering one question often leads to new questions. How could you use and communicate the information of your experiment. Why is it important and who could benefit from it? AIM: How can problems be solved in a systematic manner? - Steps of the Scientific Method

Theory: explains the results of experiments, they can change or be rejected over time because of results from new experiments Law: describes natural phenomena, it tells what happens and does not attempt to explain why the phenomena occurs (that is the purpose of a theory). Laws can often be summarized by a math equation AIM: How can problems be solved in a systematic manner? - Law vs. Theory

AIM: How can we give meaning and dimension to our description of the world around us? – Metric System Measurement gives the universe meaning! How tall are you? How much do you weigh? How old are you? How fast can you run? How much volume do you displace? All of these questions are designed to give us reference to the world around us.

AIM: How can we give meaning and dimension to our description of the world around us? – Math Rules for Chem

Atlantic and Pacific Rule: If a decimal point is present (Pacific side) you start counting from left to right with the first non zero number If a decimal point is absent (Atlantic side) you start count from right to left with the first non zero number AIM: How can we give meaning and dimension to our description of the world around us? – Sig Fig Rules

Examples: cm________________ sec ________________ L________________ g ________________ AIM: How can we give meaning and dimension to our description of the world around us? – Sig Fig Rules

AIM: How do round off answers to math problems? – Calculating with sig figs  Multiplication and Division: want your answer to have the same number of SIG FIGS as the measurement that has the least number of sig figs Examples: x 2.25 = cm x 1.6 cm x 2.12 cm = 3 SF 2 SF

AIM: How do round off answers to math problems? – Calculating with sig figs  Addition and Subtraction: want your answer to have the same number of DECIMAL PLACES as the measurement that has the least number of DECIMAL PLACES Examples: = cm cm cm = 1 DP 2 DP cm 3

AIM: How is the data compression in mp 3 and ZIP files mirrored in scientific notation? - sci notation

Comparing relative magnitudes of two numbers in scientific notation: AIM: How is the data compression in mp 3 and ZIP files mirrored in scientific notation? - sci notation

AIM: How can we make sense of data and use it to make predications? - graphing Changing one thing in an experiment ( independent variable) will often cause something else to change ( dependent variabl e)