MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF A CELL CELL MEMBRANE PLASMA MEMBRANE

Cell/Plasma Membrane Controls movement into/out of cell Maintains homeostasis Made of phospolipids

Cell Membrane

TYPES OF TRANSPORT Passive Transport “LAZY” No energy (ATP) required Controlled by the movement of molecules Active Transport “HIGH ENERGY” Energy (ATP) Required Controlled by the cell

What is DIFFUSION?  Concen- tration gradient  No energy  High to low

Until Equilibrium Is reached

Concentration Gradient Salt Water WATER SALT Cover on

OSMOSIS: The diffusion of water

What is OSMOSIS? Diffusion of water Water moves from high to low du/class/ryan/pass ive.html WATER Lots of Water Here Not Lots of Water Here

What is the function of membrane? Homeostasis Controls movement of materials in and out of cell Do you remember what organic molecule the membrane is made of?

Lipid Phosphate head Lipids: Phospholipids

Phospholipid Bilayer

FLUID- MOSAIC MODEL

ALSO CONTAINS: proteins: transport, identification, glue cholesterol: used to help keep it “solid” Carbo: cell to cell contact (glycoproteins)

Outside of Cell Inside of Cell

PASSABLE Monomers: amino acids, glucose, glycerol, F.A. H 2 O, CO 2, O 2,

NON-PASSABLE Polymers: starch, proteins, triglycerides charged ions (Na +, Cl - )

What happens when a cell is placed in a solution with the same concentration as inside the cell? Normal Red Blood Cells Water In = Water Out ISOTONIC SOLUTION

What happens when an animal cell is placed in pure water? Swollen Red Blood Cells Water In < Water Out Water rushes in Cell bursts Hypertonic Solution

What if you live in fresh water?

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Contractile Vacuoles

What happens to an animal cell placed in salt water? Shriveled Red Blood Cells Water In > Water Out Water leaves the cell Cell shrivels HYPERTONIC SOLULTION

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Osmosis in an animal Cell

Osmosis in a Plant Cell

What happens to plants in a hypotonic solution? Plant cell placed in pure water? Will not rupture due to cell wall Turgor Pressure

Water Vacuole

Plants in a hypertonic Solution Plant cell placed in salt water? Cytoplasm and membrane shrivel up Cell wall remains in place Plasmolysis

Facilitated Diffusion Faster with help of a protein No chemical reaction NO ENERGY needed! Examples: enzymes and glucose

Facilitated diffusion is very specific

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

What if you need to get molecules to go against diffusion?

Against the concentration gradient Uses energy to “pump” molecules in (or out)

What if the food is too big to fit through the cell membrane? ENDOCYTOSIS 2 TYPES

ACTIVE TRANSPORT Endocytosis Using ENERGY to “eat” food that is too large to pass through the membrane.

PHAGOCYTOSIS PSEUDOPODS: false-foot Creates a food vacuole

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What is needed to digest another cell after it is eaten?

Stores strong digestive enzymes

Lysosomes are created from the Golgi Apparatus. Golgi also removes toxins and waste product to outside the cell.

Golgi Body

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EXOCYTOSIS Cell egestion Removal of undigested food Vacuole moves to edge of cytoplasm and opens up Opposite of endocytosis What must a cell do with undigested waste?