Review French Revolution, Napoleon and Congress of Vienna

Ancien Regime Absolute Monarchy -Louis XVI was stupid Financial difficulties -Seven Years War -American Revolution -Debt payments=1/2 budget Nobility had tax free status

Ancien Regime 1787 Assembly of Notables called -Louis needed approval of nobles & clergy to fix financial situation Unwilling to pay taxes Called for the Estates General

Estates General First Estate= clergy Second Estate = nobility Third Estate = Commons (peasants and bourgeoisie) Traditionally each estate received one vote Dominated by clergy and nobility 3 rd feared king would not allow voting as individuals, refused to submit credentials

Tennis Court Oath 3 rd estate promised to meet until constitutional monarchy established Louis agreed to drop some taxes on 3 rd estate All three estates merged into a National Assembly

Violence Storming of the Bastille -The Commune of Paris -National Guard led by Lafayette The Great Fear -Feudal rights abolished -All people subject to same laws and obligations

Constitutional Monarchy Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen Lafayette Based on Enlightenment ideals Sovereignty to the people All citizens equal before the law Freedom of religion, press, economic activity

Women Olympe de Gouges Declaration of the Rights of Women 1791 Women should have rights to education, property, divorce Executed during reign of terror Inspired Mary Wollstoncraft Vindication of the Rights of Women 1792 Mother of feminism

Constitutional Monarchy To finance debt, the Assembly took control of the Church -Assignats -Civil Constitution of the Clergy France reorganized into 83 equally sized departments Jews and Protestants given civil rights Slavery abolished

Constitutional Monarchy Austria and Prussia declare war on France Paris Commune forced new elections using universal male suffrage National Convention Create new constitution, end monarchy France declared a republic in 1792 Luis XVI executed 1793

Reign of Terror Girondins (exile king, laissez –faire) Jacobins (kill king, government control of economy) Counter Revolutionary forces organized army in the Vendee Committee of Public Safety 1793 Assumed dictatorial power over France Led by Robespierre

Reign of Terror Girondin members expelled from the Convention Levee-en-masse to fight foreign armies, counter revolutionaries Able to defeat their enemies

Reign of Terror Republic of Virtue Erase traces of Ancien Regime New calendar Attack on Christianity

Reign of Terror Political clubs banned Girondin leaders executed Many clergy executed 20,000 killed Guillotine

Reign of Terror Thermidorian Reaction Members of the Convention opposed to Robespierre Arrest and execute Robespierre, leading Jacobins

The Directory 1799 Council of 5 executives -saved from a royalist rebellion by Napoleon Napoleon helped by Abbe Sieyes staged a coup Napoleon made Consul

Napoleon Concordat with the Catholic Church in 1801 Napoleonic Code Made emperor in 1804

Napoleonic Wars Austria Russian and Great Britain Joined by Prussia Continental System - boycott of British goods

Napoleonic Wars Guerilla war in Spain Nationalism in Europe Failed invasion of Russia

Congress of Vienna Map of Europe redrawn -Poland given to Russia Buffer zones -Netherlands -Prussia given territory on Rhine Monarchy restored in France Concert of Europe- stamp out nationalism, liberalism France to pay indemnity France Occupied