Greek Mosaics.

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Presentation transcript:

Greek Mosaics

Uruk: c. 3000 BC- half columns with 3-toned patterns of clay pegs set in mud (decorates and strengthens)

Pebble Mosaics Pavement mosaics Figured scenes Temple of Athena Pronaia at Delphi (6th c.BC) Geometric and floral patterns Figured scenes Athens, Corinth, Motya Olynthos (420-410BC)

Olynthos: Bellerophon fighting the Chimera c. 415

Pebble Mosaic Pella (last quarter of 4th c.BC) Elite houses Smaller, more tightly packed pebbles Pella pebble mosaic

Transition to Tesserae Mosaics

Transition to Tesserae Mosaics Shaped pebbles Simple designs without internal modeling

Transition to Tessarae Mosaics Roughly shaped pebbles Shaped pieces for specific features

Transition to Tesserae Mosaics Temple of Zeus at Olympia (c. 325BC) Morgantina, Sicily (260-250BC) House of Ganymede Results Different materials Varied colors

Tersserae Mosaics 2 techniques Opus tessellatum Opus vermiculatum Colored head of Medusa surrounded by black and white geometric ornament (2nd c. AD)

Techniques Vitruvius Statumen, rudus, nucleus, setting bed, tesserae Tesserae, setting bed, nucleus, rudus, statumen: according to Vaun.

Techniques Vitruvius Pattern books Preliminary drawings Rule and level Smoothing Pattern books Preliminary drawings

Classical pavement patterns: selection of border ornaments

Tesserae Mosaics Alexandria Emblema from royal palace at Alexandria

Tesserae Mosaics Delos (1st half of 2nd c.BC) Pergamon Introduction of smalti Pergamon Intermediary shades Optical illusion Home of Sosos

lft: “unswept floor” from the Aventine (2nd c. AD) Right: Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli

Pompeii and Herculaneum The Three Graces No attempt to copy painting Possible wall mosaic Pompeii or Herculaneum: The Three Graces, before AD 79, mural (unpolished)

The Alexander Mosaic House of the Faun (late 2nd c.BC) Pompeii, House of the Faun: Alexander Mosaic (end of 2nd c. BC) The Alexander Mosaic House of the Faun (late 2nd c.BC)

Details of Alexander mosaic

Roman Black and White Pavements Introduced in 1st c.BC Cheaper production method Ostia

Top: Ostia (fire brigade barracks)-lt 2nd or early 3rd c Top: Ostia (fire brigade barracks)-lt 2nd or early 3rd c. AD: good ex of black and white style Bottom: Odysseus and the Sirens (soon after AD 123): Rome