 Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  Would the U.S. be better off if government prohibited all immigration and world trade?

China

 Ming Dynasty controlled China for almost 300 years (1368 – 1644)  Focused on agriculture; limited trade  Built up strong military  Practiced Confucianism

 Revolts erupted & Manchu seized control in 1644  Qing Dynasty (“Ching”)  Still limited trade  Respected Chinese culture  Carried over gov’t structure & split gov’t positions equally  BUT, remained separate ethnic identity  Banned marriage between Manchu & Chinese  Tried to outlaw foot binding

CHINA: NOTES ABOUT TRADE  Portuguese reached China in 1514 & made a poor impression  Europeans viewed as ignorant, dirty, & lacking manners; goods viewed as inferior  Had little to offer in exchange for China’s silk, porcelain, & cotton  China demanded gold or silver

CHINA: NOTES ABOUT TRADE  Eventually, Qing opened to trade with Europeans, but under strict conditions  All trade supervised by officials  At end of trading seasons, Europeans had to leave

 In groups, one member will be designated to be the emperor and the remainder of the group will be divided into two factions during the Ming Dynasty – one representing court officials who favor continued trade with the outside world and the other representing court officials who wish to end that trade.  Each faction should present arguments in support of its position to the emperor. After hearing the arguments, the emperor must decide on a course of action regarding international trade and report his or her decision to the class.  Use pages for additional background info on the Ming Dynasty.

JAPAN

JAPAN!  1100s = central gov’t losing control; gave way to conflict and chaos  Large landowners hired armies of Samurai for protection  Practiced Zen Buddhism  Feudal warrior society developed  Shogun = supreme military leader  Shogunate = ruling military dynasty  Tokugawa Shoguns took control in 1603; peace and order restored in Japan

 Open to trade at first… BUT…  Saw neighboring countries invaded & taken over  Disliked European influence; Christians persecuted  Eventually banned all foreign trade and travel  Continued policy of isolationism for more than 200 years  Strong military system – able to fend off invasion

KOREA

 Choson Dynasty took control in 1392 & formed gov’t based on Confucianism  1500s – invaded by Japan twice  ; receives help from Ming China  1600s – invaded by China

 Preferred isolation & becomes known as the “hermit kingdom”  Excluded all foreigners except Chinese & a few Japanese.

INDIA

Spices!!! Also, India was world leader in textiles & exported large quantities of silk and cotton cloth

Portugal Races to SE Asia 1497, Vasco da Gama finds direct sea route to India Put Portugal in good position to challenge Arab monopoly on spices & eliminate the middle man Vasco da Gama

Portugal Races to SE Asia In 1511, Albuquerque used force to take control of spice trade Set up military and trading posts along African and Indian coastlines Wanted to turn Indian Ocean into “Lake Portugal” Afonso "the Great" de Albuquerque - Builder of Portugal's Eastern Empire

Spread Christianity throughout trading posts of Africa & India. Sank Muslim ships, destroyed Hindu temples, & introduced the Inquisition

 How do you think Portuguese exploration to South Asia impacted the native culture? How do you think the natives viewed the Portuguese?

Tried unsuccessfully to forcibly expand their control into China Caused their power to collapse

 Toward end of 16 th century, England (and eventually the Dutch) began to challenge Portugal’s dominance in the spice trade  British East India Company proceeded to establish trading posts and forts along the coast of India and eventually kick Portugal out  Success didn’t come easily  Hired soldiers to protect its interests  Battled not only the Portuguese but also pirates and hostile forces in India  British East India Company continued to broaden its powers; exercised many powers usually exclusive to government

 Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet?  How did foreign influences both help and hurt countries in East Asia?  How were countries like China & Japan able to maintain policies of isolation for hundreds of years?