Cellular Structure Chapter 4. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya.

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Presentation transcript:

Cellular Structure Chapter 4

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya

Kingdoms vs. Domains Eubacteria Archaea Eukarya Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista Monera (defunct)

Bacterial Shapes Coccus (Sphere)Bacillus (Rod) Spiral

Glycocalyx

Flagella

Fimbriae and Pilli

Cell Wall

Peptidogylcan

Gram Positive vs. Gram Negative

Topics for Today Flagellum Ribosomes Nucleus (form and function) Membrane System and Cycling Cytoskeleton Mitochondria and Plastid Organelles Endosymbiotic Theory Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Flagella Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Ribosomes Copyright 2009, John Ireland Public Domain - PDB

Nucleus Copyright 2009, John Ireland Cell Nuclei in HeLa Cells Public Domain Image-Wikipedia

Role of Nucleus Contains the DNA of the Cell Controls access to the DNA Regulates use of DNA Regulates division of DNA Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Fine Structure of Nucleus Copyright 2009, John Ireland Wikimedia Commons

Endomembrane System Copyright 2009, John Ireland Wikimedia Commons

Cytoskeleton Adds structure to the interior of eukaryotes. Moves organelles and materials through the cell Composed of Multiple Protein types Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Cytoskeleton Copyright 2009, John Ireland Wikimedia Commons

Mitochondria Allow the use of oxygen in metabolism Found in almost all Eukaryotes Contain a circular piece of DNA Contain Ribosomes Divide by Binary Fission Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Mitochondria Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Chloroplasts Example of a Plastid Organelle Found in almost all Photosynthetic Eukaryotes Contain a circular piece of DNA Contain Ribosomes Divide by Binary Fission Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Chloroplasts Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Endosymbiotic Theory Explains the origin of the mitochondria and plastid organelles Degenerate endosymbiotic prokaryotes Allows for hypothesis formation and testing. Copyright 2009, John Ireland

Endosymbiotic Theory Copyright 2009, John Ireland Aerobic Eubacteria Photosynthetic Eubacteria Protoeukaryote Aerobic Eukaryote Photosynthetic Eukaryote

Evidence Supporting Theory Organelle ribosomes more closely resemble eubacterial ribosomes than eukaryotic ribosomes. DNA of Mitochondria is closely related to Rickettsia eubacteria. DNA of Chloroplasts is closely related to blue-green photosynthetic eubacteria. Copyright 2009, John Ireland

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