University of Toronto – Connection Fast Wideband Electromagnetic Modeling of Indoor Wireless Channels Abbas Alighanbari Supervised by: Prof. Costas D. Sarris The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto

University of Toronto – Connection Introduction: - Numerical Electromagnetics Methodologies: - High-order Time-Domain Techniques (S-MRTD v.s. FDTD) Applications to Wireless Communications: - Signal Fading Predictions - Wideband Characteristics - Optimum Signal Transmission and Detection Future Work and Conclusions OUTLINE

University of Toronto – Connection Numerical Electromagnetics Method of Moments and Finite Elements RF systems wireless communications EMC compliance Time-Domain: - Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) - Multi-Resolution Time-Domain (MRTD) Frequency-Domain - Finite Element Method (FEM) - Software: HFSS, FEMLAB

University of Toronto – Connection MRTD vs FDTD : Formulation Spatial field expansion F D T D Galerkin method Pulse basis Wavelet basis Galerkin method M R T D Reference : Krumpholz et al, “A Field Theoretical Comparison of FDTD and TLM”, IEEE MTT-T, Sept. 1995

University of Toronto – Connection Spatial Sampling Functions Order-7 Deslauriers-Dubuc Scaling Function Smooth, Compact, Symmetric scaling functions Deslauriers-Dubuc Coifman Daubechies Battle-Lemmarie High-order Families:

University of Toronto – Connection Applications Microwave and Optical Circuits - RF Circuits and Antenna Design Wireless Communications - Mobile Communications - Indoor Wireless Networks - Ultra-Wideband Systems

University of Toronto – Connection Extremely narrow pulse width (less than 1ns) Low spectral power density ( Less than noise level) Low Interference to/from other wireless systems High speed multiple users High channel capacity Ultra-Wideband Wireless

University of Toronto – Connection Introduction: - Numerical Electromagnetics Methodologies: - High-order Time-Domain Techniques (S-MRTD v.s. FDTD) Applications to Wireless Communications: - Accurate Signal Fading Predictions - Wideband Characteristics and Channel Responses - Optimum Signal Transmission and Detection Future Work and Conclusions OUTLINE

University of Toronto – Connection Wideband Channel Modeling P1P1 * * P2P2 Simulated Floor plan:

University of Toronto – Connection Channel Responses S-MRTD-5 : 3hrs/11min S-MRTD-7.5: 11hrs/15min FDTD-20: 4 days (92hrs/16min) Receiving point P1 Receiving point P2

University of Toronto – Connection Error-Time Performance 4 times saving on: - CPU time - Cache Memory

University of Toronto – Connection Signal Fading Profile Conductivity= S/m Relative Permittivity = 3 FDTD-10 S-MRTD-5 Sinusoidal steady state 12 hrs/44min52 hrs/36min

University of Toronto – Connection Signal Fading Profile Conductivity= 0.05 S/m Relative Permittivity = 3 FDTD-10S-MRTD-5 Sinusoidal steady state 12 hrs/44min52 hrs/36min

University of Toronto – Connection Signal Attenuation (Fading) LOS NLOS LOS NLOS

University of Toronto – Connection Power Profile 1

University of Toronto – Connection Power Profile 2

University of Toronto – Connection Wall Attenuation and Guiding Effects Path Loss Exponent (PLE)

University of Toronto – Connection Fading Statistics - Rayleigh Model Cumulative Density Functions NLOS points σ = rms value of the received signal

University of Toronto – Connection Conclusions Performance Analysis and Applications of S-MRTD The application of S-MRTD to Wireless Channel Modeling Fading and Statistical Properties Optimized Signal Transmission and Detection

University of Toronto – Connection Future Work Investigation of Antenna Patterns in Smart Antenna Applications Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D Modeling of Wireless Channels

University of Toronto – Connection Thank you ! Questions/Remarks ?