The New South, Social Changes (Social Segregation)

Disenfranchisement  The act of denying a person the right to vote  convicted felons

Disenfranchisement  All women were disenfranchised  19 th Amendment (1920)

Disenfranchisement  Southern Democrats wanted to keep power  keep Black men from voting

Disenfranchisement  Poll Tax  Voter had to pay fee ($)

Disenfranchisement  Property Test  Voter had to own property

Disenfranchisement  Literacy test  Voter required to be able to read and write

Disenfranchisement  Ooops! These laws prevented many poor, uneducated whites from voting. So...

Disenfranchisement  Grandfather clause  If voter’s grandfather voted before 1867, ok to vote Freedmen Voting, South Carolina (1868)

Disenfranchisement  White primaries  primaries for party members only  Democrats say “no Black members”  No Black candidates

Plessy v. Ferguson  Homer Plessy  30-year old  1/8th Black  shoemaker

Plessy v. Ferguson  “Separate Car Act”

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Supreme Court Ruled...

Plessy v. Ferguson 14 th Amendment pertains to “political equality not social equality”

Plessy v. Ferguson “Separate but equal” facilities

“... in view of the constitution,... there is no superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens. There is no caste here. Our constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The law regards man as man, and takes no account of his surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.” John Marshall Harlan

Jim Crow laws  Southern states, including Georgia, passed laws that required segregation

Jim Crow laws  “Whites only” “Coloreds only”  Railroads  Schools  Prisons  Cemeteries  Hospitals  Waiting rooms  Drinking fountains

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot  Violent events by Whites against African Americans

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot Tension b/tw races d/t competition for jobs

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot  Stories of African American men attacking White women  Later found untrue

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot  Whites afraid of African Americans gaining too much power

The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot  Disturbance led increased KKK activity

The Leo Frank case (1913)  Leo Frank – Jewish, European immigrant living in Atlanta, Georgia

The Leo Frank case (1913)  Worked as factory manager

The Leo Frank case (1913) Accused of murdering 13 year old Mary Phagan

The Leo Frank case (1913) Found guilty at trial despite faulty and suspicious evidence

The Leo Frank case (1913) Later found innocent by Governor John Slaton Leo and Lucille Frank at trial

The Leo Frank case (1913) anti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people)

The Leo Frank case (1913) After freed from jail, a group of citizens lynched Leo Frank At the town square in Marietta, where Mary Phagan lived, people gathered to celebrate the lynching of Leo Frank.

Racial Violence From Reconstruction to the 1850s, mobs would take a Black man accused of a crime from jail and lynch him.

Racial Violence From the 1880s to the 1950s, almost 5,000 people were lynched in the United States.