Full-Wave (Bridge) Rectifier What happens when a diode fails? (Diodes always fail as OPEN circuits)
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
Zener Diode
Zener Diode
Zener Diode Voltage Regulator
Transistors Three-terminal devices with three doped silicon regions and two P-N junctions Two basic ways of implementation: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
Bipolar Junction Transistors E C = collector B = base E = emitter NPN transistor
Transistors BJT
Transistors BJT
Transistors BJT PNP NPN
Field-Effect Transistors
Field-Effect Transistors
Transistors FET
Transistors FET When VG is positive, electrons in the p-type substrate are attracted to the oxide–silicon interface, and form an n-type conduction channel. The electrical model is represented by resistors in series. The transistor is in its ON state. NMOS
Transistors FET When VG = 0, the area underneath the oxide layer is still p-type, which forms a “back-to-back” diode with the n region, as shown in the electrical representation. The transistor is in its OFF state. NMOS
Transistors FET PMOS